Lipina Tsa Joala

E kenyelletsa Liqueur, biri, veine, Liqueur le lino tse ling tse nang le lino tse tahang tse fapaneng.Joala bo etsoa ka ho belisoa, e leng tšebetso eo ho eona tomoso e arolang tsoekere hore e be seela se nooang se bitsoang ethanol.

Tekanyo ea ethanol e lipakeng tsa 0.5% le 75.5%, 'me e na le limatlafatsi tse itseng le likarolo tsa tatso.Ho na le mashome a likete a mefuta e fapaneng ea veine lefatšeng, ’me thepa e sebelisoang ha ho etsoa veine le joala bo ka har’a veine le tsona li fapane haholo.Bakeng sa ho nolofatsa kutloisiso le mohopolo, batho ba li arola ka litsela tse fapaneng.Haeba veine e arotsoe ho latela thepa ea tlhahiso, e ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e supileng: veine ea lijo-thollo, linoko le veine ea litlama, veine ea litholoana, lebese le veine ea mahe, semela sa veine ea serous, mead le veine e tsoakiloeng.

Ho ea ka lisebelisoa tse tala, veine e entsoeng ka ntle ho naha e ka aroloa ka brandy, whisky, chivas le rum.

1. Brandy: brandy ke veine e lomositsoeng, e entsoeng ka litholoana.Brandy, joalo ka ha e tsejoa ka tloaelo, ke veine e entsoeng ka morara ka ho belisoa le ho belisoa hape.Le litholoana tse ling e le lisebelisoa tse tala, ka mokhoa o tšoanang oa ho etsa veine, hangata ka pel'a brandy e nang le lebitso la lihlahisoa tse tala tsa litholoana ho khetholla mofuta oa eona.Hangata Brandy e bitsoa "moea oa veine".Ho na le linaha tse ngata tse hlahisang brandy lefatšeng, empa brandy e hlahisoang Fora ke eona e tsebahalang haholo.

Mefuta e tsebahalang ea cognac e kenyelletsa remy Martin, hennessy, camus le royal deer hine.

Brandy, ho tsoa lentsoeng la Dutch Brandewijn, e bolelang "veine e chesitsoeng".Ka kutloisiso e moqotetsane, e bua ka morara belisoa ka mor'a distillation le ho fumana tekanyo e phahameng ea joala, 'me joale eike barrel polokelo le veine.Brandy ke veine e hlatsoitsoeng, e nang le litholoana e le lisebelisoa tse tala, ka mor'a ho belisoa, ho hlapolloa, ho riteloa ha polokelo.Veine e silafetseng e nang le morara joalo ka thepa e tala e bitsoa brandy ea morara, hangata ho thoe brandy, e bua ka brandy ea morara.Ho tse ling tsa lihlahisoa tse tala ka har'a brandy, li lokela ho kenyelletsa lebitso la tholoana, brandy ea apole, brandy ea cheri, empa botumo ba tsona bo tlase haholo ho feta bo boholo ba pele.

Hangata Brandy e bitsoa "moea oa veine".Ho na le linaha tse ngata tse hlahisang brandy lefatšeng, empa brandy e hlahisoang Fora ke eona e tsebahalang haholo.'Me ka har'a brandy ea French home bred, lihlahisoa tse nang le cognac haholo-holo tse ntle ka ho fetisisa, li hlahisa sebakeng se latelang sa arwen yi (yamanek).Ho phaella ho brandy ea Fora, linaha tse ling tse hlahisang veine, tse kang Spain, Italy, Portugal, United States, Peru, Jeremane, Afrika Boroa, Greece le linaha tse ling, le tsona li hlahisa mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea brandy.Linaha tsa Cis li hlahisitse brandy, boleng le bona bo molemo haholo.

· tšimoloho ea histori

Brandy ke e 'ngoe ea veine e tsoang kantle ho naha.Seo ho thoeng ke veine ea kantle ha e le hantle se bolela veine ea bophirimela.Brandy ke lentsoe la Dutch bakeng sa veine e chesitsoeng.Dikepe tsa maDutch tse neng di isa letswai lebopong la Fora dilemong tsa bo 13 di ile tsa tlisa veine ho tswa sebakeng sa cognac sa France ho ya dinaheng tse moeding wa lewatle leboya, moo di neng di tumme.Lekholong la bo16 la lilemo, keketseho ea tlhahiso ea veine le leeto le lelelele la ho tsamaea ka leoatleng li ne li entse hore veine ea Fora e be khale ebile e sa rekisoe.Ka nako ena, barekisi ba bohlale ba Madache ba sebelisa veine ena e le lisebelisoa tse tala, tse entsoeng ka morara oa veine, meea e joalo ea distilled e ke ke ea senyeha ka lipalangoang tse telele eseng feela, 'me ka lebaka la khatello e phahameng e etsa hore thepa ea thepa e fokotsehe, thekiso ea veine ea distillation ea morara e ile ea eketseha butle-butle. , Madache a sharan a tla behoa ke sebaka sa thepa ea distillation e ntse e ntlafala butle-butle, Mafora a qala ho utloisisa theknoloji ea distillation, 'me tsoelo-pele ea eona e le ea bobeli, empa nakong ena ea morara oa veine ha o na mebala, seo hona joale se bitsoang brandy distilled spirits ea pele.

Ka 1701, Fora e ile ea kenella ntoeng le Spain.Nakong ena, thekiso ea lifate tsa morara e ile ea oa 'me lihlahisoa tse kholo li ne li lokela ho bolokoa ka har'a libarele tsa oak.Ka mor'a ntoa, batho ba ile ba fumana hore brandy e bolokiloeng ka har'a libarele tsa oak e hlile e babatseha, e monate e monate, e monko o monate, 'mala o hlakile ka kristale, khauta ea amber, e ntle ebile e ntle haholo.Mothating ona, e hlahisoang mohlala oa theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea brandy - belisoa, distillation, polokelo, hape e ile ea rala motheo oa nts'etsopele ea brandy.

Brandy e simolohile Fora, lekholong la bo12 la lilemo AD, tlhahiso ea cognac ea veine e rekisitsoe linaheng tsa Europe, likepe tsa barekisi ba kantle hangata li tla charende lebopong la leoatle ho tla reka veine ea eona.Hoo e ka bang bohareng ba lekholo la bo16 la lilemo, ho nolofatsa ho romelloa ha veine kantle ho naha, ho fokotsa phaposi ea likepe 'me e hlokoa ke palo e kholo ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ea lekhetho la moputso, empa hape ho qojoa ka lebaka la ho tsamaisoa hole ha veine, cognac. veine barekisi toropong ea veine diyantle ka mor'a hore distillation mahloriso, 'me joale ho fumana fektheri metsi a hlapollotsoeng ka tekanyo bakeng sa thekiso.Veine ena e qhibililoeng e tsejoa e le brandy ea pele ea Fora.Ka nako eo, Madache a ne a e bitsa “Brandewijn,” e bolelang “Veine e Cheleng.”

Mathoasong a lekholo la bo17 la lilemo, libaka tse ling tsa Fora li ile tsa qala ho latela mokhoa oa cognac oa ho sila veine, 'me ka Fora ea hasana butle-butle linaheng tsohle tsa Europe tse hlahisang veine le lefats'e ka bophara.

Ka 1701, Fora e ile ea kenella "ntoeng ea tatellano ea Spain" 'me brandy ea Fora le eona e ile ea thibeloa.Bahoebi ba ne ba lokela ho boloka brandy hantle bakeng sa ketsahalo eo.Ba sebelisa toropo ea cognac rich oak ho etsa libarele tsa oak, brandy e bolokiloeng ka libarele tsa lehong.Qetellong ea ntoa ka 1704, baetsi ba veine ba ile ba makala ha ba fumana brandy e se nang ’mala e fetohile ’mala o motle oa amber.Ho tloha ka nako eo, ts'ebetso ea botsofali ba oak barrel, cognac e fetohile mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa tlhahiso.Mokhoa oa mofuta ona oa tlhahiso, le oona o nametse lefatšeng ka potlako haholo.

Ka mor'a 1887, Fora e ile ea fetola sephutheloana sa brandy e romelloang linaheng tse ling ho tloha ka lik'haseteng tsa lepolanka ho ea ho lik'hasete tsa lehong le libotlolo.Ka ntlafatso ea sephutheloana sa sehlahisoa, litheko tsa cognac le tsona li eketsehile, keketseho e tsitsitseng ea thekiso.Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, thekiso ea selemo le selemo ea thekiso ea cognac e fihlile ho li-franc tse limilione tse 300.

2. Whisky: Whisky ke seno se tahang se entsoeng ka lijo-thollo feela.Ke joala bo hloekisitsoeng.Hangata e sebelisoa e le joala bo ka sehloohong bakeng sa ho kopanya, har'a tsona li-whiskeys tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa le tse emelang ke li-whiskeys tsa scotch, li-whiskeys tsa Ireland, li-whiskeys tsa Amerika le li-whiskeys tsa Canada.

Mefuta e tsebahalang ea whisky e kenyelletsa Jim beam, four rose, white horse, wild Turkey, cutty sark, makers mar le johnnie walker.

· tšimoloho ea histori

Ho tloha ka 2014, tšimoloho ea whisky ha e tsejoe, empa ho na le bonnete ba hore whisky e hlahisitsoe Scotland ka lilemo tse fetang 500 mme ka kakaretso e nkuoa e le sebaka sa tsoalo sa li-whisky tsohle.

Ho latela Mokhatlo oa Scotch Whisky, Scotch Whisky e bile teng ho tsoa senoeng se bitsoang Uisge Beatha, e bolelang “metsi bakeng sa bophelo.”

Scotch whisky lekholong la bo15 la lilemo, ho feta joalo ka moriana oa sefuba.

Lekholong la bo11 la lilemo, baitlami ba banna ba Maaerishe ba ile ba fihla Scotland ho tla hasa Kosepele, ba tlisitse whisky ea scotch.

Ka 1780 ho ne ho e-na le lijana tsa molao tse robeli feela, ha li bapisoa le tse fetang 400 tse seng molaong tsa boholo bohle.Ba ile ba tlameha ho khaola likhutlo ho e etsa, 'me botumo ba whiskey ba scotch bo ne bo ntse bo mpefala.

Ka 1823, paramente ea Borithane e ile ea etsa Molao oa Lekhetho ho theha tikoloho e batlang e le bonolo ea lekhetho bakeng sa li-distillers tse molaong ha li ntse li "hatella" li-distillers tse seng molaong, tse khothalelitseng haholo nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea whisky ea scotch.

Ka 1831, kholomo e ne e ntse e hlahisoa Scotland, e neng e ka tšeloa khafetsa, e eketsa haholo ts'ebetso ea distillation, kahoo e theola theko ea whisky le ho etsa hore e ratoe haholoanyane.

3. Chivas: chivas e tsebahalang lefatšeng ka bophara ke whisky e tummeng ka ho fetisisa ea premium scotch.Ke motsoako oa whisky, ke whisky e ntle ka ho fetisisa - e bonolo ebile e boreleli, setaele se ikhethileng, se ikhethang.Ka setaele sa eona se ruileng, se ikhethileng le nalane e telele ea lilemo tse fetang 200, chivas e fetohile whisky ea maemo a holimo lefatšeng ka bophara.

Mefuta e tsebahalang ea chivas e kenyelletsa vodka vodka, Soviet red brand stolichnaya, finlandia, absolute absolute Sweden, grey goose naheng ea Fora, beveldere ea sefate sa lehloa sa beveldere, Dutch van gogh le New Zealand ka tlase ho likhato tse 42 42 ka tlase.

Chivas chivas, e thehiloeng ka 1801 Aberdeen, Scotland, ke moetsi oa pele oa lefats'e oa li-whiskeys tse tsoakiloeng 'me a qapa motsoako oa li-whiskeys tse tharo.Bathehi e ne e le James le John chivas.

Ba tsejoa e le mothehi oa "tsoalo ea lengeloi", barab'abo rōna James chivas le John chivas chivas ke bona ba pele ba ho etsa chivas chivas, e leng lebitso le emelang whisky e bonolo, e ikhethang le e ikhethang.Chivas chivas 18 - selemo whisky e thehiloe moetlong oa chivas chivas.E le ho bonts'a boleng ba eona bo tsotehang, botlolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea chivas chivas ea lilemo tse 18 ea scotch whisky e na le mosaeno oa Colin Scott ka khauta, e leng bopaki ho scotch whisky e ruileng, e hlomphehang le e ntle.

Chivas regal ke whisky e tummeng ka ho fetisisa ea scotch premium lefatšeng.Khampani ea chivas regal e thehiloe Aberdeen, Scotland ka 1801 ke barab'abo rōna James le John chivas regal.

· tšimoloho ea histori

Chivas regal, moemeli oa whisky e kopantsoeng, o na le kamano e haufi le lelapa la borena la Borithane.E qalile morao koana mathoasong a lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, ha bara ba motho ba babeli, James “chivas” le “John” chivas, ba ne ba e-na le lebenkele la korosari toropong e phetheselang ea Aberdeen e lebopong la Leboa-Bochabela la Scotland.Ba ile ba sibolla tsebo ea ho kopanya litatso tse ’maloa tsa veine le lekunutu la ho boloka veine ka libareleng tsa oak.Ka hoetla ka 1842, mofumahali Victoria o ile a etela Scotland ka lekhetlo la pele 'me a rata botle ba eona bo botle le whisky.

Ea ho qetela letotong la chivas, "royal salute 21 whisky", e ile ea riteloa ka ho khetheha ka 1953 ho keteka ho beoa borena ha mofumahali Elizabeth ii.Lebitso lena le tsoa moetlong oa khale oa sesole sa metsing sa borena se thunyang lithunya tse 21 ka tlhompho e phahameng ka ho fetisisa.Botebo ba tumeliso ea borena bo bonahala khethong e boima ea libarele tsa oak bakeng sa joala.Ea pele, e tlameha ho ba matla ka ho lekaneng hore e tšoarelle nako e telele.Ea bobeli, e tlameha ebe e ne e lula sherry ea Spain kapa bourbon ea Amerika.Ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke hore veine e tsofala bonyane lilemo tse 21, 'me litšila tse ka veine li nkoa ke moea o hloekileng ka moea oa oak, ha whisky e boetse e monya monko oa oak.

Ka mor'a lilemo tse 21, joala bo theohetse ho karolo ea 60 lekholong feela ea lintho tse neng li le teng qalong, 'me ho hlokahala motsoako o ikhethang oa metsoako ho hlahisa tumeliso e ngata le e rarahaneng ea borena.Haeba u sa tsoa qala ka whisky 'me u batla ntho eo ho leng bonolo ho e tloaela, CHIVAS REGEL e teng lethathamong.Whisky ena ea lilemo tse 12 - ea khale e kopantsoeng e na le botho bo bonolo le mokhoa o boreleli.Whisky ntle le ho tseba ka CHIVAS REGEL le moetsi oa eona CHIVAS BROTHERS LTD e tšoana le ho noa veine ea naha ntle le ho tseba ka moutai.Mothehi-mmoho oa CHIVAS James CHIVAS o qalile ho etsa whisky ea hae ea pele e tsoakiloeng, ROYAL GLEN DEE, ka 1841, ka katleho e kholo.Ka 1843, mofumahali Victoria o ile a mo fa tlotla e reng “Moreki oa Lijo ho ea ho Boholo ba Hae.”E bolelang "mofani oa borena," barab'abo rōna James le John Chivas ba thehile ka molao Chivas BROTHER ka 1857. Tse ling tsa lihlahisoa tse tummeng haholo, tse kang RoyalStrathythan le Loch Nevis, li qalile ho hlahisa nakong ena.E ne e le lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng tsa lekholo la bo19 la lilemo moo CHIVASBROTHER e ileng ea qala ho hlahisa sehlahisoa sa bona se tummeng ka ho fetisisa: CHIVAS REGAL.

4. Rum: moea o hloekisitsoeng o entsoeng ka molasses ea 'moba, o tsejoang hape e le rum, rum, kapa rum.E simolohile Cuba, e monate ebile e monko o monate mahalapeng

Rum, ke molasses ea 'moba e le lisebelisoa tse tala ho hlahisa veine e halikiloeng, e tsejoang hape e le tsoekere, rum, rum.E simolohile Cuba, e monate ebile e monko o monate mahalapeng.Ramu ke lero le lomositsoeng, le entsoeng ka 'moba.Ho ea ka lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse tala le mekhoa ea ho ritela, rum e ka aroloa ka: veine e tšoeu ea rum, veine ea khale ea rum, rum e khanyang, rum hangata, rum e matla joalo-joalo, e nang le joala 38% ho ea ho 50%, joala ea amber, e sootho, empa hape. e senang mmala.

· tšimoloho ea histori

Tšimoloho ea rum e rephabliking ea Cuba.Rum ke veine ea setso ea Cuba, rephabliki ea Cuba e entsoe ke monghali e le lisebelisoa tse tala tsa tsoekere ea tsoekere e entsoeng ka 'moba ka har'a libarele tse tšoeu tsa oak, ka mor'a lilemo tse ngata tsa ho ritela ka hloko, ho fella ka tatso e ikhethang, e ke keng ea lekanngoa. , ’me kahoo e be seno se ratoang haholo sa likoaba.Ramu ke sehlahisoa sa tlhaho se entsoeng ka 'moba.Ts'ebetso eohle ea tlhahiso ho tsoa ho khetho e hlokolosi ea lisebelisoa tse tala, tlhahiso e latelang ea ho noa joala, botsofali ba joala ba 'moba, ke taolo e thata haholo.Boleng ba rum bo itšetlehile ka lilemo tsa veine, ho tloha selemo se le seng ho ea ho lilemo tse mashome a 'maloa.Liphetolelo tsa lilemo tse tharo le tse supileng, tse atisang ho rekisoa 'marakeng, li na le joala ea 38 ° le 40 °, ka ho latellana, 'me li hlahisoa ntle le lino tse tahang tse boima ho boloka monko o monate.Nalane ea Cuban rum ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea nalane ea rephabliki ea Cuba.

Columbus o ile a tla Cuba leetong la hae la bobeli la ho ea Amerika.O ile a tlisa metso ea 'moba ho tloha lihlekehlekeng tsa canary.Ntho e neng e sa lebelloa ke hore metso e ile ea nkela khauta sebaka se neng se tlile sehlekehlekeng seo, seo matsoalloa a sona a neng a se bitsa Cipango.

Moqoqong oa ho hopola Mopapa Ferdinand le Mopapa Isabella, motho e mong o ile a ngola: “’moba o sehiloeng o lenngoe mobung ka bonngoe ’me oa hōla ho ba sengoathoana se seholo.”Boemo ba leholimo ba Cuba: mobu o nonneng, metsi le khanya ea letsatsi li ile tsa lumella lijalo tse sa tsoa lengoa hore li hōle ho pota-pota marena a Maindia, 'me 'moba o hōle sehlekehlekeng seo.

Lisebelisoa tsa pele tseo Maindia a ileng a li sebelisa ho etsa lero la ’moba li ne li bitsoa La Cunyaya.Joale ho ile ha latela liloala tsa tsoekere tse tsamaisoang ke liphoofolo (lipere le likhomo), ha latela liloala tsa tsoekere tse nang le lisebelisoa tse matla tsa haeteroliki tse tsoelang pele, ’me qetellong liloala tsa tsoekere tsa morao-rao.Basebetsi ba pele ba ile ba nkeloa sebaka ke makhoba a batho ba batšo ba tsoang Afrika 'me ba fetoha ntho ea bohlokoa ho nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea tsoekere rephabliking ea Cuba.Ka 1539, taelong ea King carlos v, ho ile ha hlaha lihlahisoa tse ling tsa indasteri ea tsoekere, tse kang tsoekere e tšoeu, tsoekere e tala, tsoekere e hloekileng, tsoekere e hloekisitsoeng, scum, scum e hloekisitsoeng, sucrose paddle, sucrose mahe a linotsi, joalo-joalo.

Moromuoa oa Lefora Jean Baptiste Labat 1663-1738 o ile a bona “batho ba Maaborijene, Manegro le palo e fokolang ea baahi ba sehlekehlekeng sena ba le boemong ba bona ba pele ba bophelo, ba etsa seno se hlabang le se tahang ka lero la ’moba.Ka mor'a ho noa ho ka etsa hore batho ba thabe 'me ho ka felisa mokhathala.Seno sena se entsoe ka ho belisoa.Batho ba Europe ba tsebile mokhoa ona ho tloha lekholong la bo18 la lilemo.Ka mor'a masholu a maoatleng, bahoebi ba ile ba tla Cuba.E mong oa bona, Francis.Drake o tsebahala haholo ka ho bitsa seno se tsebahalang se ipapisitseng le 'moba shaoxing Draque.

Batho ba Cuba ba re joala ba 'moba, bo entsoe ka lero la 'moba joala bo lomositsoeng, Antilles, Colombia, Honduras le Mexico ba etsa shochu, ba entsoe ka molasses ea 'moba ka ho belisoa, phapang ke hore republic of Cuba rum clear transparent, ka monko o monate, rum ea Cuba ke tšobotsi ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso.

Ka 1791, Cuba e ile ea laola thepa ea tsoekere ho ea Europe ka mor'a hore merusu ea makhoba a Haiti e senye mechine ea tsoekere.

Bohareng ba lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, ka kenyelletso ea enjene ea mouoane, masimo a 'moba le fektheri ea rum e ile ea eketseha Rephabliking ea Cuba, Cuba ka 1837 e ile ea beha terene, ho hlahisoa letoto la theknoloji e tsoetseng pele, ho na le tse amanang le theknoloji ea ho ritela, kolone ea Spain e nkile qeto ea ho nka mehato ea ho nts'etsapele indasteri ea tsoekere ea Rephaboliki ea Cuba ka matla, e lumelletse ho romelloa kantle ho naha ea tsoekere.

Kenyelletso ea theknoloji e ncha e fetotse mokhoa oa tlhahiso.Cuba e hlahisa rum e nang le tahi e tlase - rum e ntle, e monate e nang le tatso e telele, e tsitsitseng.Ho noa rum e se e le karolo ea bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi Cuba.Bahlahisi ba ka sehloohong ke Havana, cardenas, cienfuegos le Santiago DE Cuba.Mulata, San Carlos, Bocoy, Matusalen, sehlopha sa Havana, Arechavala le Bacardi ba ile ba eketsa tlhahiso haholo ka mor'a hore bo-rakhoebo ba Cuba ba nkele veine e entsoeng ka matsoho sebaka sa tlhahiso ea beche.

Ho tloha ka 1966 ho isa 1967, lihlahisoa tsohle tsa rum tse tsoang Cuba ho tloha ka nako eo li ngotsoe ka leibole ea netefatso ea boleng ba boleng ho bontša boleng bo holimo le bonnete ba rum.Ho na le mefuta e robong ea rum ena, joalo ka ngoanana ea tsoakiloeng, Santero… Joalo-joalo.