Inosanganisira Liqueur, doro, waini, Liqueur uye zvimwe zvinwiwa zvine doro zvakasiyana.Doro rinogadzirwa nokuvirisa, muitiro wokuita kuti mbiriso itsemure shuga kuva chinhu chinonwiwa chinonzi ethanol.
Iyo ethanol yemukati iri pakati pe0.5% ne75.5%, uye ine zvimwe zvinovaka muviri uye flavour zvikamu.Kune makumi ezviuru emarudzi akasiyana-siyana ewaini munyika, uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira waini nedoro zviri muwaini zvinosiyanawo zvikuru.Kuti tikwanise kunzwisisa uye ndangariro, vanhu vanozvironga nenzira dzakasiyana.Kana waini yakarongedzerwa maererano nezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira, inogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvinomwe: waini yezviyo, spice newaini yemakwenzi, waini yemichero, mukaka uye zai waini, chirimwa serous waini, mead uye yakasanganiswa waini.
Zvinoenderana nezvakagadzirwa, waini yekunze yakasvibiswa inogona kukamurwa kuita brandy, whisky, chivas uye rum.
1. Brandy: brandy iwaini yakaviriswa, yakasvibiswa yakagadzirwa kubva muchero.Brandy, sezvainowanzozivikanwa, iwaini yakagadzirwa kubva kumazambiringa nekuvirisa uye kudzoreredza.Uye mimwe michero seyakagadzirwa, kuburikidza nenzira imwechete yekugadzira waini, kazhinji pamberi pebrandy ine zita remichero raw materials kusiyanisa rudzi rwayo.Brandy inowanzonzi "mweya wewaini".Kune nyika dzakawanda dzinogadzira brandy pasi rose, asi brandy inogadzirwa muFrance ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa.
Mazita anozivikanwa ecognac anosanganisira remy Martin, hennessy, camus uye royal nondo hine.
Brandy, rinobva pashoko rechiDutch rokuti Brandewijn, rinoreva "waini yakapiswa".Mupfungwa nhete, zvinoreva kuviriswa mazambiringa pashure distillation uye kuwana yakakwirira dhigirii doro, uye ipapo muouki dhiramu kuchengetera uye waini.Brandy iwaini yakanyungudutswa, ine michero semidziyo yakabikwa, mushure mekuvirisa, distillation, kuchengetedza kubikira.Waini yakanyungudutswa ine mazambiringa seyakabikwa inonzi brandy yemuzambiringa, inowanzonzi bhurandi, inoreva brandy yemazambiringa.Kune mimwe michero mbishi zvinhu kupinda bhurandi, inofanira kuwedzera zita remuchero, apuro bhurandi, cherry bhurandi, asi mukurumbira wavo ishoma pane yekare yekare.
Brandy inowanzonzi "mweya wewaini".Kune nyika dzakawanda dzinogadzira brandy pasi rose, asi brandy inogadzirwa muFrance ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa.Uye mubrandy yeFrench homebred, gadzira ine cognac area kunyanya yakanakisa, gadzira kune arwen yi next (yamanek) area place.Pamusoro peFrench brandy, dzimwe nyika dzinogadzira waini, dzakaita seSpain, Italy, Portugal, United States, Peru, Germany, South Africa, Greece nedzimwe nyika, dzinogadzirawo akati wandei emhando dzakasiyana dzebrandy.Nyika dzeCis dzakagadzira brandy, mhando zvakare yakanaka kwazvo.
· nhoroondo kwakabva
Brandy imwe yewaini yekune dzimwe nyika.Iyo inonzi waini yekunze inoreva waini yekumadokero.Brandy ndiro izwi rechiDutch rinoreva waini yakapiswa.Ngarava dzeDutch dzaitakura munyu kumhenderekedzo yeFrance muzana remakore rechi13 dzakaunza waini kubva kunharaunda yeFrance yekognac kunyika dzakaganhurana negungwa rokuchamhembe, kwadzaikurumbira.Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi16, kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwewaini uye rwendo rurefu rwomugungwa rwakanga rwaita kuti waini yeFrance isarudze uye isatengeseka.Panguva ino, vatengesi vechiDutch vakangwara vanoshandisa waini iyi seyakasvibirira, inogadzirwa kuita mazambiringa ewaini, mweya yakadaro yakasvibiswa haizoparadzwi nekutakura kure kure kwete chete, uye nekuda kweiyo yakanyanya kukwirisa inoita kuti kutakura kwekutakura, mazambiringa distillation waini yekutengesa yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. , maDutch mu sharan achagadziriswa nenharaunda yezvigadzirwa zve distillation zvishoma nezvishoma zvakavandudza, maFrench anotanga kubata teknolojia ye distillation, uye kukura kwayo sechipiri distillation, asi panguva ino yewaini mazambiringa haana ruvara, izvo zvino yava kunzi original brandy distilled spirits.
Muna 1701, France yakabatanidzwa muhondo neSpain.Munguva iyi, kutengeswa kwemazambiringa kwakadonha uye masheya makuru aifanira kuchengetwa mumiouki.Mushure mehondo, vanhu vakaona kuti brandy yakachengetwa mumadhiramu emuouki inoshamisa, inonaka, inonhuhwirira, ruvara rwakajeka, goridhe reamber, rakanaka uye rakanaka.Panguva ino, yakagadzira prototype yekugadzira brandy tekinoroji - kuvirisa, distillation, kuchengetedza, yakateyawo hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwebrandy.
Brandy yakabva kuFrance, muzana remakore rechi12 AD, kugadzirwa kwecognac kwewaini kwakatengeswa kunyika dzeEurope, ngarava dzevatengesi vekunze dzinowanzouya kuCharende coastal port kuzotenga waini yayo.Panenge pakati pezana ramakore rechi 16, kufambisa kutengeswa kwewaini kunze kwenyika, kuderedza kutakura tsoka yekabhini uye inodiwa nehuwandu hukuru hwekutengesa kunze kwemutero wekubhadhara, asiwo kudzivirira nekuda kwekureba kwekufambisa kwewaini yakashata chiitiko, cognac. vatengesi vewaini mutaundi rewaini inotengeswa kunze kwenyika mushure mekuita distillation, uye ipapo mvura yefekitari inogashira yakaderedzwa muchiyero kutengeswa.Iyi waini yakasvibiswa inozivikanwa seyekutanga French brandy.Panguva iyoyo, vaDutch vaiidana kuti “Brandewijn,” zvinoreva kuti “Waini Yakatsva.”
Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 17, mamwe matunhu eFrance akatanga kutevedzera nzira yekognac yekunyudza waini, uye neFrance zvishoma nezvishoma yakapararira kunyika dzese dzeEurope dzinogadzira waini nepasirese.
Muna 1701, France yakabatanidzwa mu "hondo yekutsinhana kweSpain" uye brandy yeFrance yakarambidzwawo.Vatengesi vaifanira kuchengeta brandy zvakanaka kuitira chiitiko ichi.Vanoshandisa dhorobha recognac rich oak kugadzira mbiya dzemuoki, brandy inochengetwa mumadhiramu emapuranga.Pakapera hondo muna 1704, vagadziri vewaini vakashamiswa kuona kuti brandy isina ruvara yakanga yachinja kuva ruvara rweamber.Kubva ipapo zvichienda mberi, iyo oak barrel kuchembera, cognac yave yakakosha kugadzirwa.Rudzi urwu rwekugadzira maitiro, rwakapararirawo kupasirese nekukurumidza.
Mushure me1887, France yakashandura kurongedza kwebrandy yaitengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kumabhokisi emapuranga kuenda kumabhokisi emapuranga nemabhodhoro.Nekuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa, mitengo yekognac yakawedzerawo, kuwedzera kwakasimba kwekutengesa.Maererano nehuwandu, kutengesa kwegore negore kwekutengesa kwecognac kwasvika mamiriyoni mazana matatu emafrancs.
2. Whisky: whisky chinwiwa chinodhaka chinogadzirwa nezviyo chete.Idoro rakagayiwa.Inowanzo shandiswa sedoro rekusanganisa, pakati peiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye inomiririra whiskeys ndeye scotch whiskeys, Irish whiskeys, American whiskeys uye Canadian whiskeys.
Mabhureki ane mukurumbira wewhisky anosanganisira Jim beam, mana rose, bhiza jena, mhuka yemusango Turkey, cutty sark, makers mar najohnnie walker.
· nhoroondo kwakabva
Kubva muna 2014, kwakabva whiskey hakuzivikanwi, asi ichokwadi kuti whiskey yakagadzirwa muScotland kwemakore anopfuura 500 uye inowanzoonekwa senzvimbo yekuzvarwa kwevese whiskey.
Maererano neScotch Whisky Association, Scotch Whisky yakabva muchinwiwa chinonzi Uisge Beatha, zvinoreva kuti "mvura yeupenyu."
Scotch whisky muzana ramakore rechi 15, zvakanyanya semushonga unotonhora.
Muzana ramakore rechi 11, mamongi eIrish akasvika kuScotland kuzoparadzira Evhangeri, achiunza kunyungudutswa kwescotch whisky.
Muna 1780 kwaingova nemidziyo misere yepamutemo, zvichienzaniswa nezvinodarika 400 zvisiri pamutemo zvesaizi yese.Vaifanira kucheka makona kuti vagadzire, uye mukurumbira wescotch whisky wakanga uchiwedzera.
Muna 1823, paramende yeBritain yakagadza Mutemo weExcise kuti ugadzire nharaunda iri nyore yemutero yezvinwiwa zviri pamutemo asi nesimba "kudzvanyirira" madhiri asiri pamutemo, ayo akakurudzira zvikuru kusimukira kweindasitiri yescotch whisky.
Muna 1831, koramu ichiri kuunzwa muScotland, iyo yaigona kunyungudutswa nguva dzose, ichiwedzera zvakanyanya kushanda kwedistillation, nokudaro kudzikisa mutengo wewhiskey uye kuita kuti ive yakakurumbira.
3. Chivas: chivas inozivikanwa pasi rose ndiyo yakanyanya mukurumbira scotch whisky.Musanganiswa wewhisky, ndiyo yakanakisa whiskey - yakapfava uye yakapfava, yakasarudzika maitiro, yakatanhamara.Nemaitiro ayo akapfuma, akasiyana uye nhoroondo refu yeanopfuura makore mazana maviri, chivas yave ine mukurumbira pasi rose premium scotch whisky.
Mabhureki echichivas ane mukurumbira anosanganisira vodka vodka, Soviet red brand stolichnaya, finlandia, absolute absolut muSweden, grey goose muFrance, polish snow tree beveldere, Dutch van gogh neNew Zealand pazasi 42 degrees 42 pazasi.
Chivas chivas, yakavambwa muna 1801 muAberdeen, Scotland, ndiyo yekutanga pasi rose kugadzira mawhiskeys akasanganiswa uye mugadziri wemusanganiswa katatu wewhiskeys.Vavambi vaive James naJohn chivas.
Vachizivikanwa semuvambi we "kuzvarwa kwengirozi", mukoma James chivas naJohn chivas chivas ndivo vakatanga kugadzira chivas chivas, brand inomiririra mellow, yakasiyana uye yakatanhamara whisky.Chivas chivas 18 - year whisky inobva pa chivas chivas tradition.Kuti iratidze kunaka kwayo kunoshamisa, bhodhoro rega rega rechivas chivas 18-year scotch whisky rine siginecha yaColin Scott mugoridhe, chinova uchapupu kune vakapfuma, vanokudzwa uye vanoyevedza scotch whisky.
Chivas regal ndiyo ine mukurumbira scotch premium whisky pasi rose.Iyo chivas regal company yakavambwa muAberdeen, Scotland muna 1801 nehama James naJohn chivas regal.
· nhoroondo kwakabva
Chivas regal, mumiriri wewhisky yakasanganiswa, ane hukama hwepedyo nemhuri yehumambo hweBritain.Zvakatanga kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 19, apo mukoma nomunun'una, James "chivas" na "John" chivas, vaitengesa girosari mutaundi rine bishi reAberdeen kuScotland kuNorth-East mahombekombe.Vakawana hunyanzvi hwekusanganisa manakiro akati wandei ewaini uye chakavanzika chekuchengeta waini mumadhiramu omuoki.Mumatsutso a1842, mambokadzi Victoria akaita kushanya kwake kwekutanga kuScotland uye akadanana nemamiriro ayo akanaka uye whisky.
Yekupedzisira muchikamu chechivas, "royal salute 21 whisky", yakabikwa zvakanyanya muna 1953 kupemberera kugadzwa kwamambokadzi Elizabeth ii.Iri zita rinobva mutsika yekare yemauto emugungwa airidza sarupu yepfuti makumi maviri nerimwe mururemekedzo rukuru.Kuomarara kwesarupu yehumambo kunooneka mukusarudzwa kwehasha kwezvigubhu zvemuouki zvedoro.Kutanga, inofanira kuva yakasimba zvakakwana kuti igare kwenguva refu.Chechipiri, inofanira kunge yakagara Spanish sherry kana American bourbon.Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti waini yakwegura kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri nerimwe, uye tsvina muwaini inotakurwa nemhepo yakachena kuburikidza nemhepo yemuoki, nepo whiskey inotorawo kunhuhwirira kwemuoki.
Mushure memakore makumi maviri nerimwe, doro rakaderedzwa kusvika 60 muzana chete yezvarinenge richirimo, uye musanganiswa wakasiyana-siyana wezvigadzirwa unodiwa kugadzira sarupu yakapfuma uye yakaoma kunzwisisa yehumambo.Kana uchangotanga ne whiskey uye uchitsvaga chimwe chinhu chiri nyore kujaira, CHIVAS REGEL iri pachirongwa.Iyi 12 - yemakore - yekare yakasanganiswa whiskey ine hunhu hwakapfava uye hunyoro hunyoro.Whisky ndisingazive nezve CHIVAS REGEL nemugadziri wayo CHIVAS BROTHERS LTD zvakafanana nekunwa wine yenyika usingazive zve moutai.CHIVAS mumwe muvambi James CHIVAS akatanga kugadzira whisky yake yekutanga yakasanganiswa, ROYAL GLEN DEE, muna 1841, nekubudirira kukuru.Muna 1843, mambokadzi Victoria akamupa zita rekuti "Purveyor of Grocery to Her Majesty."Zvichireva kuti "mutengesi wehumambo," mukoma James naJohn Chivas vakavamba zviri pamutemo Chivas BROTHER muna 1857. Mamwe emhando dzakakurumbira, dzakadai seRoyalStrathythan naLoch Nevis, dzakatanga kugadzirwa panguva ino.Yakanga iri makore gumi ekupedzisira ezana remakore rechi19 apo CHIVASBROTHER yakatanga kugadzira chigadzirwa chavo chakakurumbira: CHIVAS REGAL.
4. Rumu: mweya wakasvibiswa wakagadzirwa nenzimbe molasses, inozivikanwawo serum, rum, kana rum.Kubva kuCuba, inotapira uye inonhuhwirira pamuromo
Rum, is a sugar cane molasses sezvishandiso zvekugadzira waini yakasvibiswa, inozivikanwawo seshuga, rum, rum.Kubva kuCuba, inotapira uye inonhuhwirira pamuromo.Rumu muto wakaviriswa, wakanyungudutswa wakagadzirwa nenzimbe.Zvinoenderana neakasiyana ezvigadzirwa uye nzira dzekubikisa, ramu inogona kukamurwa kuita: rum chena waini, rum waini yekare, light rum, rum kazhinji, yakasimba rum uye zvichingodaro, ine doro 38% kusvika 50%, doro amber, brown, asiwo. isina ruvara.
· nhoroondo kwakabva
Kwakabva ramu iri muRepublic yeCuba.Rum iwaini yechinyakare yeCuba, iyo republic yeCuba rum inogadzirwa natenzi seyakabikwa yeshuga yeshuga yakagadzirwa nenzimbe mumadhiramu machena emuoki, mushure memakore mazhinji ekubika nekungwarira, zvichikonzera kuravira kwakasiyana, kusingaenzaniswi. , nokudaro ndokuva chinwiwa chinofarirwa kwazvo namakubhani.Rumu chigadzirwa chechisikigo chakagadzirwa nenzimbe.Iyo yese yekugadzira maitiro kubva mukunyatso kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvakabikwa, iyo inotevera kugadzirwa kwedoro distillation, nzimbe doro kuchembera, kudzora kwakanyanya.Unhu hwe rum hunoenderana nezera rewaini, kubva kune rimwe gore kusvika kumakumi emakore akawanda.Iyo mitatu - uye yemakore manomwe shanduro, kazhinji inotengeswa pamusika, ine doro rine 38 ° uye 40 °, maererano, uye inobudiswa pasina doro rinorema kuchengetedza kunhuhwirira kunofadza.Nhoroondo yeCuban rum chikamu chakakosha chenhoroondo yeRepublic yeCuba.
Columbus akauya kuCuba parwendo rwake rwechipiri kuAmerica.Akaunza midzi yenzimbe kubva kuzvitsuwa zvecanary.Chakanga chisingatarisirwi ndechekuti midzi yacho yakatsiva goridhe rakanga rauya pachitsuwa ichi, iro rakanzi nevagari veko Cipango.
Murondedzero yokuyeuka Pope Ferdinand naPope Isabella, mumwe munhu akanyora, kuti: “nzimbe yakachekwa inodyarwa muvhu imwe neimwe uye inokura kuva chidimbu chikuru.”Mamiriro ekunze eCuba: ivhu rakapfuma, mvura, uye chiedza chezuva zvakabvumira zvirimwa zvichangobva kudyarwa kukura zvakapoteredza madzishe eIndia, uye nzimbe kukura pachitsuwa chacho.
Maturusi ekutanga aishandiswa nemaIndia kugadzira muto wenzimbe ainzi La Cunyaya.Ipapo kwakauya zvigayo zveshuga zvinofambiswa nemhuka (mabhiza nemombe), ipapo zvigayo zveshuga nekuwedzera kushandiswa kwemichina ine simba guru rehydraulic, uye pakupedzisira zvigayo zveshuga zvemazuva ano.Basa rekutanga rakatsiviwa nevaranda vatema vakaunzwa kubva kuAfrica ndokuva chinhu chakakosha mukusimudzira indasitiri yeshuga muRepublic yeCuba.Muna 1539, mumutemo waKing carlos v, pakaonekwa zvimwe zvigadzirwa zveindasitiri yeshuga, zvakaita seshuga chena, shuga isina kukora, shuga yakachena, shuga yakanatswa, scum, tsvina yakanatswa, sucrose paddle, sucrose uchi, nezvimwe.
Mumishinari wokuFrance Jean Baptiste Labat 1663-1738 akaona “vanhu verudzi rwechiAborigine, vaNegro nenhamba shomanana yevagari vepachitsuwa chacho vari mumamiriro avo ezvinhu echinyakare, vachigadzira chinwiwa chinobaya uye chine muto nomuto wenzimbe.Mushure mekunwa kunogona kuita kuti vanhu vafare uye vanogona kubvisa kuneta.Chinwiwa ichi chinogadzirwa nekuvirisa.VaEurope vakaziva nzira iyi kubva muzana remakore rechi18.Pashure pemakororo, vatengesi vakauya kuCuba.Mumwe wavo, Francis.Drake anozivikanwa zvikuru nekudana chinwiwa chakakurumbira chinobva pashuga shaoxing Draque.
VeCuba vakati doro renzimbe, rinogadzirwa nemuto wenzimbe yakaviriswa doro, kuAntilles, Colombia, Honduras neMexico vari kugadzira shochu, inogadzirwa kubva kunzimbe molasses nekuvirisa, musiyano ndewekuti republic yeCuba rum clear clear, ine kunhuhwirira kwakanaka, Cuban rum chinhu chekugadzira.
Muna 1791, Cuba yakatonga kutengesa shuga kuEurope mushure memhirizhonga yakaitwa nevaranda veHaiti yakaparadza zvigayo zveshuga.
Pakati pezana ramakore rechi 19, nekuunzwa kweinjini yemhepo, minda yenzimbe uye rum fekitori yakawedzera muRepublic yeCuba, Cuba muna 1837 yakaisa njanji, kuiswa kweakateedzana tekinoroji yepamusoro, kune hukama ne tekinoroji yekubikisa doro, Spanish colonial yakafunga kutora matanho ekusimudzira zvine simba indasitiri yeshuga yeRepublic yeCuba yakabvumira kutengesa kunze kwenyika shuga.
Kuiswa kwehunyanzvi hutsva kwakashandura maitiro ekugadzira.Cuba inogadzira rum ine doro rakaderera - yakanaka, mellow rum ine nguva refu, inoravira.Kunwa rum kwave chikamu chehupenyu hwezuva nezuva muCuba.Vagadziri vakuru ndiHavana, cardenas, cienfuegos uye Santiago DE Cuba.Mulata, San Carlos, Bocoy, Matusalen, Havana kirabhu, Arechavala naBacardi vakawedzera kugadzirwa zvakanyanya mushure mekunge mabhizinesi ekuCuba atsiva waini yakagadzirwa nemaoko nekugadzira batch.
Kubva 1966 kusvika 1967, zvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuCuba kubva ipapo zvakange zvichinyorwa neprovenance quality assurance label kuratidza hupamhi hwepamusoro uye huchokwadi hwerum.Kune mapfumbamwe emhando yerum iyi, semusikana akasanganiswa, Santero… Uye zvichingodaro.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-09-2019