Kunezindlela eziningi ezivamile zokuhlanza ingilazi, ezingafingqwa njengokuhlanza i-solvent, ukushisa nokuhlanza ngemisebe, ukuhlanza i-ultrasonic, ukuhlanza ukukhishwa, njll phakathi kwabo, ukuhlanza i-solvent nokuhlanza ukushisa kuvame kakhulu.Ukuhlanza i-solvent kuyindlela evamile, esebenzisa amanzi, i-asidi ehlanjululwe noma i-alkali equkethe i-ejenti yokuhlanza, ama-solvents anhydrous njenge-ethanol, i-propylene, njll, noma i-emulsion noma i-solvent vapor.Uhlobo lwe-solvent esetshenzisiwe luncike esimweni sokungcola.Ukuhlanzwa kwe-solvent kungahlukaniswa ngokukhuhla, ukucwiliswa (okuhlanganisa ukuhlanzwa kwe-asidi, ukuhlanzwa kwe-alkali, njll.) kanye nokuhlanza isifutho se-steam degreasing
Ukukhuhla ingilazi
Indlela elula yokuhlanza ingilazi ukuhlikihla ubuso ngekotini elimuncayo, elicwiliswa engxubeni ye-silica, utshwala noma i-ammonia.Kunezinkomba zokuthi amamaki amhlophe angashiywa kulezi zindawo, ngakho-ke lezi zingxenye kufanele zihlanzwe ngokucophelela ngamanzi ahlanzekile noma i-ethanol ngemva kokwelashwa.Le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu ekuhlanzeni kwangaphambili, okuyisinyathelo sokuqala senqubo yokuhlanza.Cishe kuyindlela evamile yokuhlanza ukusula phansi kwelensi noma isibuko ngephepha lelensi eligcwele i-solvent.Lapho i-fiber yephepha le-lens ihlikihla indawo engaphezulu, isebenzisa i-solvent ukuze ikhiphe futhi isebenzise amandla aphezulu okusheya uketshezi ezinhlayiyeni ezinamathiselwe.Ukuhlanzeka kokugcina kuhlobene ne-solvent kanye nokungcola ephepheni le-lens.Iphepha ngalinye lelensi liyalahlwa ngemva kokusetshenziswa kanye ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa kabusha.Izinga eliphezulu lokuhlanzeka kwendawo lingafinyelelwa ngale ndlela yokuhlanza.
Ingilazi yokucwiliswa
Ukucwiliswa kwengilazi kungenye indlela yokuhlanza elula nevame ukusetshenziswa.Imishini eyisisekelo esetshenziselwa ukuhlanza emanzini iyisitsha esivulekile esenziwe ngengilazi, ipulasitiki noma insimbi engagqwali, egcwele isisombululo sokuhlanza.Izingxenye zengilazi ziboshwe nge-forging noma ziboshwe nge-clamp ekhethekile, bese zifakwa kwisixazululo sokuhlanza.Inganyakaziswa noma cha.Ngemva kokucwiliswa emanzini isikhathi esifushane, ikhishwa esitsheni, Bese womisa izingxenye ezimanzi ngendwangu kakotini engangcolile, futhi uhlole ngemishini yokukhanyisa yasensimini emnyama.Uma ukuhlanzeka kungahlangabezani nezidingo, cwilisa futhi oketshezini olufanayo noma esinye isisombululo sokuhlanza, bese uphinda inqubo engenhla.
Ukukha ingilazi
Okubizwa ngokuthi i-pickling, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ahlukahlukene e-asidi (kusuka ku-asidi ebuthakathaka kuya ku-asidi eqinile) kanye nengxube yayo (njengengxube ye-Grignard acid ne-sulfuric acid) ukuhlanza ingilazi.Ukuze kukhiqizwe ingilazi ehlanzekile, wonke amanye ama-asidi ngaphandle kwe-hydrochloric acid kufanele ashiselwe ku-60 ~ 85 ℃ ukuze asetshenziswe, ngoba i-silica akulula ukuncibilika ngama-acids (ngaphandle kwe-hydrochloric acid), futhi kuhlale kune-silicon enhle ebusweni ingilazi ukuguga.Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme livumela ukuqedwa kwe-silica.Ukuzijwayeza kufakazele ukuthi ingxube yokupholisa ye-dilution equkethe u-5% HF, 33% HNO3, 2% okokugeza kwe-teepol cationic kanye no-60% H2O kuwuketshezi olujwayelekile oluhle kakhulu lokuhlanza ingilazi ne-silica.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuchotshozwa akuzifanele zonke izibuko, ikakhulukazi izibuko ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-barium oxide noma i-lead oxide (njengezibuko ezithile zokukhanya).Lezi zinto zingacwiliswa ngisho ne-asidi ebuthakathaka ukuze zakhe uhlobo lwe-silica ye-thiopine.
Ingilazi ehlanziwe nge-alkali
Ukuhlanza ingilazi ye-alkali ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-caustic soda (isixazululo se-NaOH) ukuhlanza ingilazi.Isixazululo se-NaOH sinamandla okwehlisa nokukhipha amafutha.Izinto ezinamafutha kanye ne-lipid zingagcotshwa nge-alkali ukuze zenze usawoti we-lipid anti acid.Imikhiqizo yokusabela yalezi zixazululo ezinamanzi ingahlanzwa kalula endaweni ehlanzekile.Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokuhlanza inqunyelwe ungqimba olungcolile, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kokukhanya kwento ngokwayo kuvunyelwe.Iqinisekisa impumelelo yenqubo yokuhlanza.Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi awukho umphumela oqinile we-genus kanye nomphumela we-leaching, ozolimaza izinga eliphezulu, Ngakho-ke kufanele kugwenywe.I-Chemical ionization resistant inorganic and organic glass ingatholakala kumasampula omkhiqizo engilazi.Izinqubo ezilula nezihlanganisiwe zokuhlanza ukucwiliswa zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza izingxenye ezincane.
Ukususa amafutha nokuhlanza ingilazi ngesitimu
I-steam degreasing isetshenziswa kakhulu ukususa uwoyela ongaphezulu kanye nengilazi ephukile.Ekuhlanzweni kwengilazi, kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengesinyathelo sokugcina sezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlanza.I-steam stripper ngokuyisisekelo yakhiwe umkhumbi ovulekile onesici sokushisa phansi kanye nenyoka epholile ngamanzi ezungeze phezulu.Uketshezi lokuhlanza kungaba i-isoendoethanol noma i-carbohydrate ene-oxidized ne-chlorinated.I-solvent iyahwamuka yenze igesi eshisayo enokuminyana okuphezulu.Ikhoyili yokupholisa ivimbela ukulahleka kwesitimu, ngakho-ke isitimu singagcinwa emishinini.Bamba ingilazi ebandayo ukuze igezwe ngamathuluzi akhethekile bese uyicwilisa ku-steam egxilile imizuzwana engu-15 kuya emaminithini ambalwa.Igesi ewuketshezi yokuhlanza ehlanzekile inokuncibilika okuphezulu kwezinto eziningi.Yakha isixazululo esinezinto ezingcolisayo engilazini ebandayo kanye namaconsi, bese ithathelwa indawo yi-solvent condensing ehlanzekile.Le nqubo iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho ingilazi isishise ngokweqile futhi ingasakwazi ukujiya.Uma umthamo wokushisa wengilazi uba mkhulu, isikhathi esiningi isitimu sijiya ngokuqhubekayo ukuze sihlanze indawo ecwilisiwe.Ibhande lengilazi elihlanzwa ngale ndlela linogesi omile, Le nkokhelo kufanele iphathwe ngomoya ohlanzekile we-ionized ukuze ichithe isikhathi eside.
Ukuze uvimbele ukukhangwa kwezinhlayiya zothuli emkhathini.Ngenxa yomphumela wamandla, izinhlayiya zothuli zinamathele ngokuqinile, futhi ukukhishwa kwe-vapor kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokuthola izindawo ezihlanzekile ezisezingeni eliphezulu.Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza kungahlolwa ngokulinganisa i-coefficient ye-friction.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukuhlolwa kwensimu emnyama, i-angle yokuxhumana kanye nesilinganiso sokunamathela kwefilimu.Lawa manani aphezulu, sicela uhlanze indawo engaphezulu.
Ukuhlanza ingilazi ngesifutho
Ukuhlanza i-Jet kusebenzisa amandla okugunda asetshenziswa uketshezi olunyakazayo ezinhlayiyeni ezincane ukuze kucekelwe amandla okunamathela phakathi kwezinhlayiya nangaphezulu.Izinhlayiya zilengiswe oketshezini olugelezayo futhi zikhishwe ngaphandle uketshezi.Uketshezi oluvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlanza i-leaching lungabuye lusetshenziselwe ukuhlanza i-jet.Ngejubane eliqhubekayo le-jet, uma isisombululo sokuhlanza sishubile, amandla amakhulu e-kinetic adluliselwa ezinhlayiyeni ezinamathele.Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanza kungathuthukiswa ngokwandisa ingcindezi kanye nesivinini sokugeleza kwamanzi okuhambisanayo.Ingcindezi esetshenzisiwe icishe ibe ngu-350 kPa.Ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu, kusetshenziswa i-fan nozzle encane, futhi ibanga phakathi kwe-nozzle ne-surface akufanele lidlule izikhathi ezingu-100 zobubanzi be-nozzle.Umjovo onengcindezi ephezulu yoketshezi oluphilayo udala izinkinga zokupholisa phezulu, bese kuthi umhwamuko ulindeleke ukuthi wenze amabala angaphezulu.Isimo esingenhla singagwenywa ngokufaka uketshezi lwe-organic esikhundleni se-hydrogen noma ijethi lamanzi ngaphandle kokungcola.Umjovo we-high pressure liquid uyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokususa izinhlayiya ezincane njenge-5pm.Umjovo womoya onengcindezi ephezulu noma igesi nawo uyasebenza kwezinye izimo.
Kukhona inqubo ethile yokuhlanza ingilazi nge-solvent.Ngoba lapho uhlanza ingilazi nge-solvent, indlela ngayinye inobubanzi bayo obusebenzayo.Ezimweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi uma i-solvent ngokwayo ingcolile, ayisebenzi.Isixazululo sokuhlanza ngokuvamile asihambisani nomunye nomunye, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokusebenzisa esinye isisombululo sokuhlanza, kufanele sisuswe ngokuphelele ebusweni.Enqubweni yokuhlanza, ukuhleleka kwesisombululo sokuhlanza kufanele kuhambisane namakhemikhali futhi kuhlanganiswe, futhi akukho mvula esigabeni ngasinye.Shintsha isixazululo esine-asidi uye kwisisombululo se-alkaline, lapho sidinga ukugezwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile.Ukuze ushintshe usuke esixazululo esinamanzi uye kwisisombululo sezinto eziphilayo, i-cosolvent exubile (efana notshwala noma uketshezi olukhethekile lokususa amanzi) ihlale idingeka ekwelapheni okuphakathi.plus
Izinto ezicekela phansi zamakhemikhali kanye nama-ejenti okuhlanza okugqwalayo avunyelwe ukuhlala phezulu isikhathi esifushane kuphela.Isinyathelo sokugcina senqubo yokuhlanza kufanele senziwe ngokucophelela okukhulu.Uma kusetshenziswa ukwelashwa okumanzi, isixazululo sokugcina sokushaywa kufanele sibe msulwa ngangokunokwenzeka.Ngokuvamile, kufanele kube lula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa.Ukukhethwa kwenqubo yokuhlanza engcono kakhulu kudinga isipiliyoni.Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi indawo ehlanzekile akufanele ishiywe ingavikelekile.Ngaphambi kwesinyathelo sokugcina sokwelashwa kwe-coating, kuyadingeka ngokuqinile ukugcina nokuhambisa kahle.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-31-2021