Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na yau da kullum don tsaftacewa gilashi, wanda za'a iya taƙaita shi azaman tsaftacewa mai tsabta, dumama da tsaftacewa na radiation, tsaftacewa na ultrasonic, tsaftacewa tsaftacewa, da dai sauransu a cikin su, tsaftacewa mai tsabta da tsaftacewa na dumama sun fi kowa.Tsaftacewa mai narkewa hanya ce ta gama gari, wacce ke amfani da ruwa, dilute acid ko alkali mai ɗauke da wakili mai tsaftacewa, abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi kamar ethanol, propylene, da sauransu, ko emulsion ko tururi mai ƙarfi.Nau'in sauran ƙarfi da aka yi amfani da shi ya dogara da yanayin gurɓataccen abu.Za'a iya raba tsaftacewa mai narkewa zuwa gogewa, nutsewa (ciki har da tsaftace acid, tsaftacewar alkali, da sauransu) da tsaftacewar feshi mai lalata tururi.
Gilashin gogewa
Hanya mafi sauƙi don tsaftace gilashin ita ce shafa saman tare da auduga mai sha, wanda aka nutsar da shi a cikin cakuda silica, barasa ko ammonia.Akwai alamun cewa za a iya barin farar alamomi a kan waɗannan saman, don haka dole ne a tsaftace waɗannan sassa a hankali da ruwa mai tsabta ko ethanol bayan magani.Wannan hanya ita ce mafi dacewa don tsaftacewa kafin tsaftacewa, wanda shine mataki na farko na tsaftacewa.Yana da kusan daidaitaccen hanyar tsaftacewa don goge ƙasan ruwan tabarau ko madubi tare da takarda ruwan tabarau cike da ƙarfi.Lokacin da fiber na takarda ruwan tabarau yana goge saman, yana amfani da sauran ƙarfi don cirewa da kuma amfani da ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ga barbashi da aka haɗe.Tsaftar ƙarshe tana da alaƙa da ƙamshi da ƙazanta a cikin takardar ruwan tabarau.Ana watsar da kowace takarda ta ruwan tabarau bayan an yi amfani da ita sau ɗaya don guje wa sake gurɓatawar.Ana iya samun babban matakin tsaftar ƙasa tare da wannan hanyar tsaftacewa.
Gilashin nutsewa
Gilashin jiƙa shine wata hanya mai sauƙi kuma wacce aka saba amfani da ita.Kayan aiki na asali da aka yi amfani da su don tsaftacewa mai tsabta shine buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen gilashi, filastik ko bakin karfe, wanda aka cika da bayani mai tsabta.An ɗora sassan gilashi tare da ƙirƙira ko ɗaure tare da matsi na musamman, sa'an nan kuma saka a cikin maganin tsaftacewa.Ana iya motsa shi ko a'a.Bayan an jiƙa na ɗan lokaci kaɗan, sai a fitar da shi daga cikin akwati, sannan a bushe kayan da aka rigaya da rigar auduga mara gurɓatacce, sannan a duba da kayan aikin hasken filin duhu.Idan tsaftar bai dace da buƙatun ba, sake jiƙa a cikin ruwa ɗaya ko wani bayani mai tsaftacewa, kuma maimaita tsarin da ke sama.
Gilashin karba
Abin da ake kira pickling, shine amfani da karfi daban-daban na acid (daga raunin acid zuwa mai karfi) da cakuda (kamar cakuda Grignard acid da sulfuric acid) don tsaftace gilashin.Domin samar da tsabta gilashin surface, duk sauran acid ban da hydrochloric acid dole ne a mai tsanani zuwa 60 ~ 85 ℃ don amfani, saboda silica ba sauki a narkar da acid (sai dai hydrochloric acid), kuma akwai ko da yaushe lafiya silicon a kan. saman gilashin tsufa.Mafi girman zafin jiki yana taimakawa ga rushewar silica.Aiki ya tabbatar da cewa cakuda dilution mai sanyaya mai dauke da 5% HF, 33% HNO3, 2% teepol cationic detergent da 60% H2O babban ruwa ne na gabaɗaya don tsaftace gilashin da silica.
Ya kamata a lura cewa pickling bai dace da duk gilashin ba, musamman ga gilashin da ke da babban abun ciki na barium oxide ko gubar oxide (kamar wasu gilashin gani).Wadannan abubuwa ma ana iya leashe su da raunin acid don su samar da wani nau'in saman silica na thiopine.
Gilashin wanke Alkali
Tsaftace gilashin alkaline shine a yi amfani da maganin soda caustic (Maganin NaOH) don tsaftace gilashi.Maganin NaOH yana da ikon ragewa da cire mai.Maiko da lipid kamar kayan za a iya saponified da alkali don samar da lipid anti acid salts.Samfuran amsawar waɗannan mafita na ruwa za a iya wanke su cikin sauƙi daga saman mai tsabta.Gabaɗaya, tsarin tsaftacewa yana iyakance ga gurɓataccen Layer, amma an yarda da amfani da haske na kayan kanta.Yana tabbatar da nasarar aikin tsaftacewa.Dole ne a lura cewa babu wani tasiri mai karfi da tasiri mai tasiri, wanda zai lalata yanayin yanayin, don haka ya kamata a kauce masa.Chemical ionization resistant inorganic da Organic gilashi za a iya samu a gilashin samfurin samfurin.Sauƙaƙan hanyoyin tsaftacewa na nutsewa ana amfani da su musamman don tsaftace ƙananan sassa.
Degreeasing da tsaftacewa gilashi tare da tururi
Ana amfani da rage yawan tururi don cire mai da fashewar gilashi.A cikin tsaftacewa na gilashi, ana amfani dashi sau da yawa azaman mataki na ƙarshe na matakai daban-daban na tsaftacewa.Turi ya ƙunshi buɗaɗɗen jirgin ruwa mai dumama kashi a ƙasa da maciji mai sanyaya ruwa a kusa da saman.Ruwan tsaftacewa na iya zama isoendoethanol ko carbohydrate mai oxidized da chlorinated.Kaushi yana ƙafe don samar da iskar gas mai zafi mai yawa.Kwancen kwantar da hankali yana hana asarar tururi, don haka ana iya riƙe tururi a cikin kayan aiki.Riƙe gilashin sanyi don wankewa tare da kayan aiki na musamman kuma a nutsar da shi a cikin tururi mai zurfi don 15 seconds zuwa ƴan mintuna.Gas mai tsabta mai tsabta yana da babban solubility don abubuwa da yawa.Yana samar da wani bayani tare da gurɓataccen abu akan gilashin sanyi da ɗigo, sa'an nan kuma an maye gurbin shi da wani ƙauye mai tsabta.Wannan tsari yana ci gaba har sai gilashin ya yi zafi sosai kuma ba ya raguwa.Mafi girman ƙarfin zafi na gilashin shine, ƙarin lokacin tururi yana ci gaba da tattarawa don tsaftace farfajiyar da aka jiƙa.Belin gilashin da aka tsaftace ta wannan hanya yana da wutar lantarki mai tsayi, Dole ne a kula da wannan cajin a cikin iska mai tsabta mai ionized don yaduwa tsawon lokaci.
Domin hana jan hankalin ƙurar ƙura a cikin yanayi.Saboda tasirin wutar lantarki, ƙurar ƙurar suna da ƙarfi a haɗe, kuma gurɓataccen tururi hanya ce mai kyau don samun kyawawan wurare masu tsabta.Ana iya gwada ingancin tsaftacewa ta hanyar auna ma'aunin juzu'i.Bugu da ƙari, akwai gwajin filin duhu, kusurwar lamba da ma'aunin mannewar fim.Waɗannan dabi'u suna da girma, don Allah a tsaftace saman.
Gilashin tsaftacewa tare da fesa
Tsaftace jet yana amfani da karfin juzu'i da ruwa mai motsi ke yi akan ƙananan barbashi don lalata ƙarfin mannewa tsakanin barbashi da saman.Ana dakatar da barbashi a cikin ruwan da ke gudana kuma ruwan ya dauke shi daga saman.Ruwan da aka saba amfani da shi don tsabtace leaching shima ana iya amfani dashi don tsaftace jet.A cikin saurin jet akai-akai, mafi girman maganin tsaftacewa shine, mafi girma da makamashin motsa jiki yana canjawa zuwa sassan da aka haɗa.Ana iya inganta aikin tsaftacewa ta hanyar ƙara matsa lamba da kuma daidaitaccen gudu na ruwa.Matsin da aka yi amfani da shi shine kusan 350 kPa.Don samun sakamako mafi kyau, ana amfani da bututun fan na bakin ciki, kuma nisa tsakanin bututun ƙarfe da saman bai kamata ya wuce sau 100 na diamita na bututun ƙarfe ba.Babban matsi na allurar ruwa na kwayoyin halitta yana haifar da matsalolin sanyaya sama, sannan ba a sa ran tururin ruwa zai haifar da tabo.Ana iya kaucewa halin da ake ciki na sama ta hanyar maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta tare da hydrogen ko jet na ruwa ba tare da datti ba.Allurar ruwa mai matsa lamba hanya ce mai matukar tasiri don cire barbashi kadan kamar karfe 5 na yamma.Babban matsi na iska ko allurar gas shima yana da tasiri a wasu lokuta.
Akwai wata hanya don tsaftace gilashi tare da sauran ƙarfi.Domin lokacin tsaftace gilashi tare da sauran ƙarfi, kowace hanya tana da nata ikon iya aiki.A yawancin lokuta, musamman lokacin da sauran ƙarfi da kansa ya zama gurɓatacce, ba za a iya amfani da shi ba.Maganin tsaftacewa yawanci bai dace da juna ba, don haka kafin amfani da wani bayani mai tsaftacewa, dole ne a cire shi gaba daya daga saman.A cikin tsarin tsaftacewa, tsari na tsaftacewa dole ne ya kasance mai dacewa da sinadarai da rashin daidaituwa, kuma babu hazo a kowane mataki.Canja daga maganin acidic zuwa maganin alkaline, lokacin da ake buƙatar wanke shi da ruwa mai tsabta.Domin canzawa daga maganin ruwa mai ruwa zuwa maganin kwayoyin halitta, ana buƙatar na'ura mai banƙyama (kamar barasa ko ruwan cire ruwa na musamman) don matsakaicin magani.da
Ana ba da izinin lalata sinadarai da abubuwan tsaftacewa masu lalata su zauna a saman na ɗan gajeren lokaci.Dole ne a yi mataki na ƙarshe na aikin tsaftacewa tare da kulawa sosai.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da rigar jiyya, maganin zubar da ruwa na ƙarshe dole ne ya kasance mai tsabta kamar yadda zai yiwu.Gabaɗaya, yakamata ya zama mai sauƙin amfani.Zaɓin mafi kyawun tsarin tsaftacewa yana buƙatar ƙwarewa.A ƙarshe, abu mafi mahimmanci shine kada a bar wurin da aka tsaftace ba tare da kariya ba.Kafin mataki na ƙarshe na maganin sutura, ana buƙata sosai don adanawa da motsawa yadda ya kamata.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-31-2021