Amaphutha Engilazi

isifinyezo

Kusukela ekucutshungulweni kwempahla eluhlaza, ukulungiswa kwe-batch, ukuncibilika, ukucaciswa, i-homogenization, ukupholisa, ukwakha nokusika inqubo, ukubhujiswa kwesistimu yenqubo noma iphutha lenqubo yokusebenza kuzobonisa amaphutha ahlukahlukene epuleti lokuqala lengilazi eliyisicaba.

Ukukhubazeka kwengilazi eyisicaba kunciphisa kakhulu izinga lengilazi, futhi kuthinte kakhulu ukwakheka nokucubungula ingilazi, noma kubangele inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo engcolile.Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokukhubazeka engilazini eyisicaba kanye nezimbangela zazo.Ngokusho kokukhubazeka okukhona ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwengilazi, ingahlukaniswa ngamaphutha angaphakathi kanye nokubukeka.Amaphutha angaphakathi engilazi ikakhulukazi akhona emzimbeni wengilazi.Ngokusho kwezifunda zabo ezihlukene, zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezintathu: ama-bubbles (i-gas inclusions), amatshe (ukufakwa okuqinile), imivimbo nama-nodules (i-glass inclusions).Ukukhubazeka kokubukeka kukhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko enqubweni yokwakhiwa, ukuthungatha nokusikwa, okuhlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwe-optical (indawo ye-tin), ukuklwebheka (ukulimala), ukukhubazeka kobuso (ukuqhuma komphetho, i-concave convex, i-angle engekho), njll.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhubazeka, indlela yocwaningo nayo ihlukile, uma kukhona iphutha elithile engilazini, ngokuvamile kudingeka kudlule.

Kuphela ngocwaningo oluhlangene lwezindlela ezimbalwa singakwazi ukwenza isinqumo esifanele.Ngesisekelo sokuthola izimbangela, izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi kufanele zithathwe

Izinyathelo zenqubo ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela amaphutha ziyaqhubeka ukwenzeka.

Ibhamuza

Ama-Bubbles engilazini afaka amagesi abonakalayo, angagcini nje ngokuthinta izinga lokubukeka kwemikhiqizo yengilazi, kodwa futhi athinte ukukhanya namandla emishini yengilazi.Ngakho-ke, kuwuhlobo lwe-vitreous defect okulula ukuheha ukunaka kwabantu.

Ubukhulu bebhamuza busukela kokumbalwa kweshumi kwemilimitha kuya kumamilimitha ambalwa.Ngokusho kosayizi.Amabhamuza angahlukaniswa abe amabhamuza ampunga (ububanzi SM) kanye negesi (ububanzi> 0.8m), futhi ukwakheka kwawo kuyahlukahluka, okuhlanganisa okuyindilinga, okunemifanekiso kanye nomugqa.Ukuguqulwa kwamabhamuza kubangelwa ikakhulukazi inqubo yokwenza umkhiqizo.Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwamabhamuza kuhlukile, futhi ngokuvamile aqukethe i-2, N2, Co, CO2, SO2, i-hydrogen oxide negesi yamanzi.

Ngokusho kwezimbangela ezihlukene zamabhamuza, ingahlukaniswa ibe amabhamuza ayisisekelo (amabhamuza asele enqwaba), amabhamuza esibili, amabhamuza omoya angaphandle, amabhamuza aphikisayo namabhamuza abangelwa insimbi yensimbi nokunye.Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, kunezizathu eziningi zamabhamuza emikhiqizweni yengilazi, futhi isimo siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.Imvamisa, ezigabeni ezihlukene zenqubo yokuncibilika, isinyathelo sokuqala siwukwahlulela ukuthi amabhamuza akhiqizwa nini futhi kuphi, bese ufunda izinto ezingavuthiwe, izimo zokuncibilika kanye nokwakheka, ukuze kutholwe izimbangela zokubunjwa kwawo, bese uthatha. izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zokuzixazulula.

Ukuhlaziya kanye netshe (ukufakwa okuqinile)

Itshe liwukufakwa okuqinile kwekristalu emzimbeni wengilazi.Kuyisici esiyingozi kakhulu emzimbeni wengilazi, okuthinta kakhulu izinga lengilazi.Akulimazi nje ukubukeka kanye ne-homogeneity ye-optical yemikhiqizo yengilazi, kodwa futhi kunciphisa inani lokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo.Yisici esiyinhloko esibangela ukuqhekeka nokulimala kwengilazi.Umehluko phakathi kwe-coefficient yokwandisa yetshe kanye nengilazi ezungezile ibalulekile, kanjalo nokucindezeleka kwendawo, okunciphisa kakhulu amandla omshini nokuzinza kokushisa komkhiqizo, futhi kubangele ngisho nomkhiqizo ukuba uziphule.Ikakhulukazi lapho i-coefficient yokwanda okushisayo kwetshe ingaphansi kwengilazi ezungezile, ukucindezeleka okuqinile kwakhiwa ku-interface yengilazi, futhi ukuqhekeka kwe-radial kuvame ukuvela.Emikhiqizweni yengilazi, amatshe ngokuvamile awavunyelwe ukuba khona, ngakho-ke kufanele sizame konke okusemandleni ethu ukuwaqeda.Ubukhulu bamatshe abuncane, ezinye ziyinaliti njengamachashaza amahle, kanti ezinye zingaba zikhulu njengamaqanda noma izicucu.Ezinye zazo zingabonwa ngeso lenyama noma ngengilazi yokukhulisa, kanti ezinye zingabonakala ngokucacile ngesibonakhulu esibonakalayo noma ngesibonakhulu se-electron.Ngenxa yokuthi amatshe ahlala ethintana nengilazi ewuketshezi, avame ukuhambisana namaqhuqhuva, imigqa noma ama-ripples.

I-striation kanye nobuhlungu be-nodal (ukufakwa kwengilazi)

I-heterogeneous glass inclusions emzimbeni wengilazi ibizwa ngokuthi i-glassy inclusions (imivimbo namafindo).Ziyiziphambeko ezivamile ku-glass inhomogeneity.Zihlukile emzimbeni wengilazi ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba (inkomba ye-refractive, ukuminyana, i-viscosity, ukungezwani kwendawo, ukunwetshwa okushisayo, amandla emishini futhi kwesinye isikhathi umbala).

Ngenxa yokuthi i-striation ne-nodule iphuma ngamadigri ahlukene emzimbeni we-vitreous, ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-striation ne-nodule nengilazi akuvamile, kubonisa ukungena okuhambisanayo ngenxa yokugeleza noma ukuhlakazeka kwe-physicochemical.Isakazwa ngaphakathi kwengilazi noma phezu kwengilazi.Eziningi zazo zine-striated, ezinye ziqondile noma zine-fibrous, ngezinye izikhathi ziphuma njengocezu lwe-kelp.Eminye imivimbo emihle ayibonakali ngeso lenyama futhi ingatholakala kuphela ngokuhlola insimbi.Nokho, lokhu akuvunyelwe engilazini optical.Ngemikhiqizo yengilazi evamile, izinga elithile lokungafani lingavunyelwa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwabo.I-Nodule iwuhlobo lwengilazi ehlukahlukene enomumo weconsi kanye nesimo sangempela.Emikhiqizweni, ibonakala ngesimo se-granule, ibhulokhi noma ucezu.Imivimbo kanye ne-arthralgia ingaba nemibala, iluhlaza noma ibe nsundu ngenxa yezimbangela zayo ezihlukene.