Zowonongeka Zagalasi

mwachidule

Kuyambira zopangira processing, mtanda kukonzekera, kusungunuka, kumveketsa, homogenization, kuzirala, kupanga ndi kudula ndondomeko, chiwonongeko cha dongosolo ndondomeko kapena cholakwika cha ntchito ndondomeko adzasonyeza zofooka zosiyanasiyana mu mbale choyambirira cha galasi lathyathyathya.

Zowonongeka za galasi lathyathyathya zimachepetsa kwambiri khalidwe la galasi, komanso zimakhudza kwambiri kupanga ndi kukonza magalasi, kapena kuchititsa zinyalala zambiri.Pali mitundu yambiri ya zolakwika mu galasi lathyathyathya ndi zomwe zimayambitsa.Malingana ndi zolakwika zomwe zilipo mkati ndi kunja kwa galasi, zikhoza kugawidwa mu zolakwika zamkati ndi maonekedwe.Zowonongeka zamkati za galasi zimakhalapo mu thupi la galasi.Malingana ndi maiko awo osiyanasiyana, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: thovu (kuphatikiza gasi), miyala (kuphatikiza kolimba), mikwingwirima ndi timadontho tating'ono (magalasi inclusions).Maonekedwe opunduka makamaka opangidwa m'kati kupanga, annealing ndi kudula, kuphatikizapo kuwala mapindikidwe (malata malo), zikande (abrasion), mapeto a nkhope kupunduka (m'mphepete kuphulika, concave otukukira pansi, kusowa ngodya), etc.

Zowonongeka zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, njira yofufuzira imakhalanso yosiyana, pamene pali vuto linalake mu galasi, nthawi zambiri amafunika kudutsa.

Pokhapokha pophunzira pamodzi njira zingapo tingapange chiweruzo cholondola.Pamaziko opeza zomwe zimayambitsa, njira zapanthawi yake ziyenera kuchitidwa

Njira zogwira ntchito zopewera zolakwika zikupitilira kuchitika.

Bambo

Mavuvu mu galasi amawonekera gasi inclusions, zomwe sizimangokhudza maonekedwe a zinthu zamagalasi, komanso zimakhudza kuwonekera ndi mphamvu zamakina a galasi.Chifukwa chake, ndi mtundu wa vuto la vitreous lomwe ndi losavuta kukopa chidwi cha anthu.

Kukula kwa kuwiraku kumachokera ku magawo khumi a millimeter mpaka mamilimita angapo.Malinga ndi kukula kwake.Ma thovu amatha kugawidwa mu thovu la imvi (m'mimba mwake SM) ndi gasi (m'mimba mwake> 0.8m), ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ozungulira, zithunzi komanso mzere.The mapindikidwe thovu makamaka amayamba ndi mankhwala kupanga ndondomeko.Mankhwala a thovu ndi osiyana, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi 2, N2, Co, CO2, SO2, hydrogen oxide ndi mpweya wamadzi.

Malinga ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana za thovu, zikhoza kugawidwa mu thovu pulayimale (mtanda zotsalira thovu), thovu sekondale, thovu kunja mpweya, thovu refractory ndi thovu chifukwa chitsulo chitsulo ndi zina zotero.Pakupanga, pali zifukwa zambiri za thovu muzinthu zamagalasi, ndipo zinthu ndizovuta kwambiri.Kawirikawiri, m'magawo osiyanasiyana a kusungunuka, sitepe yoyamba ndiyo kuweruza nthawi ndi malo omwe mavuvu amapangidwira, ndiyeno kuphunzira zopangira, kusungunuka ndi kupanga zinthu, kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa mapangidwe awo, ndi kutenga. njira zofananira zowathetsa.

Kusanthula ndi mwala (kuphatikiza kolimba)

Stone ndi crystalline olimba kuphatikizidwa mu galasi thupi.Ndilo vuto loopsa kwambiri mu thupi la galasi, lomwe limakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la galasi.Sizimangowononga maonekedwe ndi maonekedwe a optical homogeneity a galasi mankhwala, komanso amachepetsa ntchito mtengo wa mankhwala.Ndicho chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa kusweka ndi kuwonongeka kwa galasi.Kusiyanitsa pakati pa coefficient yowonjezera ya mwala ndi galasi lozungulira ndilofunika kwambiri, momwemonso kupsinjika kwa m'deralo, komwe kumachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu zamakina ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa mankhwala, komanso kuchititsa kuti mankhwalawa awonongeke.Makamaka pamene coefficient ya kutentha kwa kutentha kwa mwala ndi yocheperapo kusiyana ndi galasi lozungulira, kupanikizika kwamphamvu kumapangidwa pa mawonekedwe a galasi, ndipo ming'alu ya radial nthawi zambiri imawonekera.M'zinthu zamagalasi, miyala nthawi zambiri saloledwa kukhalapo, choncho tiyenera kuyesetsa kuti tithetse.Ukulu wa miyalayo si yaying'ono, ina ndi singano ngati madontho abwino, ndipo ina ikhoza kukhala yaikulu ngati mazira kapena zidutswa.Zina mwa izo zimatha kuzindikirika ndi maso amaliseche kapena galasi lokulitsa, ndipo zina zimatha kudziwika bwino ndi maikulosikopu ya kuwala kapena maikulosikopu ya elekitironi.Chifukwa miyalayi nthawi zonse imakhudzana ndi galasi lamadzimadzi, nthawi zambiri imatsagana ndi timadontho tating'ono, mizere kapena ma ripples.

Striation ndi kupweteka kwa nodal (kuphatikizidwa kwagalasi)

The heterogeneous magalasi inclusions mu galasi thupi amatchedwa galasi inclusions (mikwingwirima ndi mfundo).Iwo ndi zolakwika wamba mu galasi inhomogeneity.Iwo ndi osiyana ndi galasi thupi zikuchokera mankhwala ndi katundu thupi (refractive index, kachulukidwe, mamasukidwe akayendedwe, kukangana pamwamba, matenthedwe kukula, makina mphamvu ndi nthawi zina mtundu).

Chifukwa striation ndi nodule zimatuluka mosiyanasiyana pa thupi la vitreous, mawonekedwe apakati pa striation ndi nodule ndi galasi ndi osakhazikika, kuwonetsa kulowerana chifukwa chakuyenda kapena kusungunuka kwa physicochemical.Amagawidwa mkati mwa galasi kapena pamwamba pa galasi.Zambiri mwazo zimakhala zozungulira, zina zimakhala zozungulira kapena zamtundu, nthawi zina zimatuluka ngati chidutswa cha kelp.Mikwingwirima ina yabwino ndi yosaoneka ndi maso ndipo imangopezeka poyang'ana zida.Komabe, izi siziloledwa mu galasi la kuwala.Pazinthu zamagalasi wamba, kusiyanasiyana kosagwirizana kumatha kuloledwa popanda kukhudza momwe amagwirira ntchito.Nodule ndi mtundu wagalasi wosasinthika wokhala ndi mawonekedwe adontho komanso mawonekedwe oyamba.Muzogulitsa, zimawoneka ngati granule, chipika kapena chidutswa.Mikwingwirima ndi arthralgia zimatha kukhala zopanda mtundu, zobiriwira kapena zofiirira chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana.