Eyona nto ingundoqo yokwenza iibhotile zeglasi
Izinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukulungisa ibhetshi yeglasi zibizwa ngokudibeneyo njengezinto zeglasi.Ibhetshi yeglasi yemveliso yoshishino ngumxube wezinto ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-12.Kuxhomekeke kwisixa sabo kunye nokusetyenziswa, zinokwahlulwa zibe zizixhobo eziphambili zeglasi kunye nezixhobo.
Eyona imathiriyeli ekrwada ibhekisa kwinto ekrwada apho ii-oxides ezahlukeneyo eziyinxalenye yeglasi zingeniswa kwiglasi, njengesanti yequartz, isantistone, limestone, feldspar, ash ash, boric acid, lead compound, bismuth compound, njl. iglasi emva kokutshatyalaliswa.
Izinto ezincedisayo zizinto ezinika iglasi enye into ebalulekileyo okanye inkqubo yokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza.Zisetyenziswa kancinci, kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu.Zinokwahlulwa zibe zii-agent zokucacisa kunye ne-coloring agents kuxhomekeke kwindima abayidlalayo.
I-Decolorizer, i-opacifier, i-oxidant, i-flux.
Izinto eziluhlaza zeglasi zinzima ngakumbi, kodwa zinokwahlulwa zibe zizixhobo eziphambili kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo zokuncedisa ngokwemisebenzi yazo.Ezona zixhobo ziphambili zenza umzimba ophambili weglasi kwaye zimisele ezona mpawu zibalulekileyo zeglasi kunye neekhemikhali.Izinto ezincedisayo zinika iipropati ezikhethekileyo kwiglasi kwaye zizise lula kwinkqubo yokuvelisa.
I-1, izinto eziphambili zeglasi
(1) Isanti yesilika okanye iboraksi: Elona candelo liphambili lesanti yesilica okanye iboraksi efakwe kwiglasi yisilica okanye iboron oxide, enokuthi inyibilikiswe ngokwahlukeneyo ibe ngumzimba weglasi ngexesha lokutsha, omisela ezona mpawu ziphambili zeglasi, ekwabizwa ngokuba yisilicate glass. okanye boron.Iglasi yetyuwa eneasidi.
(2) I-Soda okanye ityuwa yeGlauber: Inxalenye ephambili yesoda kunye ne-nardite efakwe kwiglasi yi-sodium oxide.Kwi-calcination, benza ityuwa ephindwe kabini ene-asidi ene-asidi efana ne-silica sand, esebenza njenge-flux kwaye yenza iglasi ibe lula ukuyenza.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umxholo unzima kakhulu, izinga lokunyuka kwe-thermal yeglasi liya kwanda kwaye amandla okuqina aya kuncipha.
(3) I-Limestone, i-dolomite, i-feldspar, njl.
Njengomathiriyeli ekrwada yokwazisa i-magnesium oxide, idolomite inokunyusa ukucaca kweglasi, ukunciphisa ukwanda kwe-thermal, kunye nokuphucula ukuxhathisa kwamanzi.
I-Feldspar isetyenziswa njengento ekrwada yokuqaliswa kwe-alumina, elawula ubushushu obunyibilikayo kwaye iphucula ukuqina.Ukongeza, i-feldspar inokuphinda ibonelele ngamacandelo e-potassium oxide ukuphucula iimpawu zokwandisa i-thermal yeglasi.
(4) Iglasi eyophukileyo: Ngokuqhelekileyo, ayizizo zonke izinto ezintsha ezisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweglasi, kodwa i-15% -30% yeglasi eyaphukileyo idityanisiwe.
2, izinto ezincedisayo zeglasi
1Isoda esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, i-sodium carbonate, i-cobalt oxide, i-nickel oxide, njl.njl. zisetyenziswa njengee-agent zokususa umbala, ezibonisa imibala ehambelanayo kumbala wokuqala weglasi.Iglasi ingenambala.Ukongeza, kukho i-arhente yokunciphisa umbala ekwaziyo ukwenza umbala okhanyayo kunye nokungcola okunemibala, njenge-sodium carbonate enokuthi ifakwe i-oxidized iron oxide ukwenza i-ferric oxide, ukuze iglasi itshintshe ukusuka eluhlaza ukuya kumthubi.
(2) Imibala: Ezinye iioksidi zetsimbi zinokunyibilika ngokuthe ngqo kwisisombululo seglasi ukufaka umbala kwiglasi.Ukuba i-iron oxide yenza iglasi ibe tyheli okanye eluhlaza, i-manganese oxide inokubonakala imfusa, i-cobalt oxide ibonakala iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-nickel oxide ibonakala imdaka, kwaye i-copper oxide kunye ne-chromium oxide zinokubonakala ziluhlaza.
(3) I-ejenti yokucacisa: I-ejenti yokucacisa inokunciphisa i-viscosity ye-glass melt, ukwenzela ukuba iibhubhu eziveliswa yi-chemical reaction zinokubaleka ngokulula kwaye zicacise.Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukucacisa i-chalk, i-sodium sulfate, i-nitrate ye-sodium, i-ammonium salts, i-manganese dioxide kunye nokunye okunjalo.
4Ii-opacifiers ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-cryolite, i-sodium fluorosilicate, i-tin phosphide, kunye nokunye.Ziyakwazi ukwenza iincinci ze-0.1 - 1.0 μm ezixhonywe kwiglasi ukwenza iglasi ivuleke.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-22-2019