Ngo-1994, iUnited Kingdom yaqala ukusebenzisa iplasma kuvavanyo lokunyibilika kweglasi.Ngo-2003, iSebe lase-United States lamandla kunye nombutho woshishino lweglasi lenze uvavanyo loxinaniso lwe-pool encinci ye-high-intensity plasma melting E glass and glass fibers, igcina amandla angaphezu kwama-40%.I-arhente yophuhliso lweteknoloji entsha yaseJapan iphinde yaququzelela i-xiangnituo yaseJapan kunye neYunivesithi yaseTokyo yobuchwepheshe ukuseka ngokudibeneyo uvavanyo lwe-1t / D.Ibhetshi yeglasi yanyibilika ngokubhabha ngokufudumeza kweplasma yerediyo.Ixesha lokunyibilika laliyi-2 ~ 3H kuphela, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okubanzi kweglasi egqityiweyo kwakuyi-5.75mj/kg.Ngo-2008, i-xiangnituo yenza uvavanyo lokukhusela iglasi ye-100t ye-soda yekalika, kwaye ixesha lokunyibilika lancitshiswa laya kwi-1 / 10 ye-original, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuncitshiswe ngama-50%, i-Co, i-No.Ishishini elitsha lamandla eJapan (NEDO) itekhnoloji ye-arhente yophuhliso olubanzi iceba ukusebenzisa isisombululo sovavanyo lweglasi yekalika yekalika ye-1 t kwi-batching, ukunyibilika kwinqwelomoya edityaniswe nenkqubo yokucaciswa koxinzelelo, kunye nezicwangciso zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okunyibilika ukuya kwi-3767 kJ / kg yeglasi ngo-2012. .
Ngokubhekiselele kwizixhobo zeglasi, i-galena kunye ne-red lead yayisetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa iglasi kwimbali.Iglasi ekhokelayo eyenziwe ngegalana kunye nelothe ebomvu iyabonakala kwaye kulula ukuyibumba kunye nokukrola, nto leyo ingcono kakhulu kuneglasi ye-soda yekalika.Kwakukade kucingwa ukuba le yinkqubela.Kodwa kamva, ngokuthe ngcembe abantu bafumanisa ingozi yongcoliseko lweglasi yelothe.Okwangoku, ukongeza kwiglasi yeglasi kunye neglasi ekhokelayo, iYurophu yenze uluhlu lweemvavanyo kwizinto zombane, iglasi, iglasi, iglasi, iglasi, iglasi, iglasi, iglasi, iglasi, iglasi, iglasi, iglasi, iglasi, iglasi, iglasi, iglasi, iglasi, iglasi Ilothe yayivaliwe kwizinto zokudlala kunye nezinye izinto zokupakisha.I-Mercury, i-cadmium kunye ne-arsenic nazo zavalwa.Ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-18 ukuya kwinkulungwane ye-19, izipili zeglasi zazigqunywe ngetoti ngasemva kweglasi ukuze zibonakale, kodwa zaziyityhefu kakhulu.Ngowe-1835, kwasetyenziswa isilivere yeekhemikhali endaweni yoko.Kumaxesha amandulo, i-arsenic oxide yayisetyenziswa njenge-opacifier ukwenza ukulinganisa iimveliso ze-jade.Isiphumo sasinzima kwezinye ii-opacifiers ukuphumeza.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo, kudala yalelwa ukuba isetyenziswe njenge-opacifier.Ayizizo kuphela izitya zeglasi ezinxibelelana nokutya kunye nesiselo ezisetyenzisiweyo njenge-clarifier endaweni ye-arsenic oxide, kodwa neglasi ye-optical nayo yasetyenziselwa ukususa i-arsenic, Uphuhliso lweglasi engeyiyo i-optical glass inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo engahlaziyekiyo njengezinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo. amandla, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwekhabhoni kwezothutho.Ukuthatha i-UK njengomzekelo, ibhotile nganye yeglasi iyancipha nge-1 / 10, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kweetoni ze-250000 zeglasi kunye neetoni ze-180000 ze-CO2 zokukhutshwa ziyancipha minyaka yonke.Izifundiswa zamazwe angaphandle zikwaveze ukuba umgangatho weebhotile zewayini wehle nge 1g, kwaye ico ephuma emoyeni nayo yehle nge 1g.Kwi-aerospace, i-aviation, ukuthutha, ukunciphisa ubunzima beglasi kubaluleke kakhulu.Ukongeza kwi-radiation resistance, ubunzima be-space optical system kufuneka buncitshiswe.Ngokomzekelo, i-TiO2 isetyenziselwa ukutshintsha i-PbO, i-Bao, i-CDO ukulungiselela iglasi ye-optical kunye ne-index ye-refractive efanayo.Ukuze kuncitshiswe ubunzima be-windshield yemoto, i-2mm flat glass substrate isetyenziselwa ukulungisa iglasi yokhuseleko.Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kwimiboniso yeepaneli ezisicaba, apho ubukhulu beglasi buncitshiswe ukusuka kwi-2mm ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-1.5mm;Ubunzima besikrini sokuchukumisa buncitshiswe ukusuka kwi-0.5mm ukuya kwi-0.1mm;Ubukhulu bomboniso wesixhobo sombane esiphathwayo buncitshiswe ukuya kwi-0.3mm.Kwi-2011, i-Asahi nitzsch yavelisa i-0.1 mm ye-alkali yamahhala ye-substrate ngendlela ye-float yesikrini esichukumisayo, umboniso wesizukulwana sesibini, ukukhanya kunye nonyango lwezonyango.Iglasi ecekethekileyo kunye neglasi ebhityileyo kakhulu isetyenziselwa isubstrate kunye nepleyiti yokugquma yeeseli zelanga kwiisathelayithi, ii-spacecrafts kunye neziphekepheke ukonga ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ekuqaliseni nasekusebenzeni.Ubunzima be-substrate kunye ne-cover plate iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwi-0,1 mm ukuya kwi-0.008 mm.
Ukudibanisa kunye nengqondo kwenza uhlobo olufanayo lweemveliso zeglasi zinemisebenzi emininzi kwaye zibe luhlobo olutsha lwezinto ezibanzi kunye nemisebenzi emibini kunye nemisebenzi emininzi, eyenza imfuno yokuqala yokusebenzisa iglasi esebenzayo kwaye iguqule ibe luhlobo lweglasi esebenzayo.Umzekelo, iglasi yokwakha ekrelekrele yexesha elizayo inemisebenzi yokukhanya okuzenzekelayo, ukugqunywa kwesandi, ukukhuselwa kobushushu, ukuhlanjululwa komoya, i-antibacterial kunye ne-sterilization, kwaye inokudibanisa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-photovoltaic (ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga), ukuqokelelwa kobushushu belanga, i-photocatalytic reaction hydrogen kunye neglasi. udonga lomkhusane ukwenza isakhiwo esikrelekrele esinokugcina amandla, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi kwemithombo.
I-hybrid yeglasi kunye ne-organic matter ibhekiselele ekudityanisweni kwezi zimbini kwisikali se-nano, esinokuqinisa intsebenziswano ye-interface, inike umdlalo opheleleyo kubungqongqo, ukuzinza komgangatho, ubushushu obuphezulu obuthambileyo kunye neempawu eziphezulu zeglasi, kwaye sebenzisa ukucheba, ukuqhubekeka okuthambileyo kunye nokuguqulwa kwepolymer encinci ye-organic yemolekyuli, ukuze ufumane imathiriyeli entsha enokuthi iyilwe, idityaniswe, ixutywe kwaye iguqulwe.Imisebenzi emitsha yezinto ezixutyiweyo inokufumaneka ngokukhetha amacandelo ahlukeneyo ezinto eziphilayo, njengokongeza iipolymers eziqhubayo kwi-transition metal alkoxide system.Iimpawu zezixhobo ze-hybridi zinokuthi ziyilwe kwaye zilungelelaniswe ngenjongo, njengokongeza idayi eziphilayo okanye i-p-conjugated polymers kwinethiwekhi yeglasi ukuze ufumane izinto ezibonakalayo ezinomgca we-linear to nonlinear properties;Umzekelo, iqondo lobushushu begilasi yephosphate enyibilikayo ephantsi yeglasi elungiswe ngokuxutywa isezantsi ukuya kuma-29 ℃.
Iglasi yendabuko ibuthathaka, echaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwayo.Amandla kunye nokomelezwa kweglasi ngumsebenzi wophando olungxamisekileyo.Kwixesha elizayo, kufuneka sihlolisise ngokunzulu izizathu zesakhiwo se-microcracks, ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokulinganisa umphezulu, indlela yokuthintela ukwanda kweentanda, indlela yokuphilisa iintanda, ukuguqula iimpawu zeglasi, kunye nendlela yokuqinisa iglasi nge-nanostructures. .
Kwixesha elizayo, iglasi yemveli kufuneka iphucule umxholo wesayensi kunye nethekhinoloji, ukuphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwemithombo, kwaye iqhubele phambili ekuphuhliseni okuluhlaza kunye nemisebenzi emininzi, ukusuka kwinqanaba lokwandiswa koshishino oluphantsi ukuya kuphuhliso lwexabiso eliphezulu elongezelelweyo kunye umgangatho ophezulu.Ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezisebenzayo, ezinye iimpawu ezintle zeglasi azikwazi ukutshintshwa.Inkulungwane yama-21 yinkulungwane yefotonics, kwaye iteknoloji yefotonics ayinakuhlukaniswa kwiglasi yefotonics, enempembelelo enkulu kwisizukulwana solwazi, ukuhanjiswa, ukugcinwa, ukubonisa, ukugcinwa, ukugcinwa, ukugcinwa, ukugcinwa, ukugcinwa njalo njalo Amandla eSolar abalulekile. amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye namandla acocekileyo, kunye neglasi yinto ebalulekileyo yokuvelisa amandla elanga, njenge-ultra white glass substrate kunye ne-cover plate yeeseli zelanga, i-glass conductive transparent, ingakumbi ukuhlanganiswa kwesakhiwo se-photovoltaic.Inombono obanzi wesicelo sokudibanisa ukuveliswa kwamandla elanga kunye nodonga lwamakhethini eglasi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-11-2021