Umphezulu weglasi evezwe emoyeni udla ngokungcoliswa.Nayiphi na into engenamsebenzi kunye namandla phezu komhlaba zingcoliseko, kwaye naluphi na unyango luya kubangela ungcoliseko.Ngokwesimo somzimba, ungcoliseko lomphezulu lunokuba yigesi, ulwelo okanye oluqinileyo, olukhoyo ngendlela yenwebu okanye igranular.Ukongeza, ngokweempawu zayo zeekhemikhali, inokuba kwi-ionic okanye i-covalent state, i-inorganic okanye i-organic matter.Kukho imithombo emininzi yongcoliseko, kwaye ungcoliseko lokuqala ludla ngokuba yinxalenye yenkqubo yokwakheka komphezulu ngokwawo.I-Adsorption phenomenon, ukusabela kweekhemikhali, inkqubo yokuvuza kunye nokomisa, unyango lomatshini, ukusabalalisa kunye nenkqubo yokwahlula konke kwandisa ukungcola komhlaba kumacandelo ahlukeneyo.Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluninzi lwezesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye nokusetyenziswa kufuna indawo ecocekileyo.Ngokomzekelo, ngaphambi kokunika imaski yobuso, umphezulu kufuneka ucoceke, ngaphandle koko ifilimu kunye nomgangatho awuyi kubambelela kakuhle, okanye unamathele kuyo.
IglasiCukungqiyamaMindlela
Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zokucoca iglasi, kubandakanywa ukucocwa kwe-solvent, ukufudumeza kunye nokucoca i-radiation, ukucocwa kwe-ultrasonic, ukucoca ukukhutshwa, njl.
Ukucoca i-solvent yindlela eqhelekileyo, ukusebenzisa amanzi aqukethe i-agent yokucoca, i-asidi ye-dilute okanye i-solvent anhydrous efana ne-ethanol, i-C, njl., i-emulsion okanye i-solvent vapor nayo ingasetyenziswa.Uhlobo lwe-solvent esetyenzisiweyo luxhomekeke kubume bokungcola.Ukucoca i-solvent inokohlulwa ibe kukukhuhla, ukuntywiliselwa (kuquka ukucocwa kweasidi, ukucocwa kwealkali, njl. njl.), ukucocwa komphunga wokutshiza kunye nezinye iindlela.
UkukhuhlaGintombi
Indlela elula yokucoca iglasi kukuhlikihla umphezulu ngekotoni ene-absorbent, entywiliselwa kumxube wothuli olumhlophe, utywala okanye i-ammonia.Kukho iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba umkhondo wetshokhwe unokushiyeka kule ndawo, ngoko ke la malungu kufuneka acocwe ngononophelo ngamanzi acocekileyo okanye i-ethanol emva konyango.Le ndlela yeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yokucoca kwangaphambili, eyona nyathelo lokuqala lokucoca inkqubo.Kuphantse ukuba yindlela yokucoca eqhelekileyo yokucima umzantsi we-lens okanye isibuko ngephepha le-lens eligcwele i-solvent.Xa i-fiber yephepha le-lens ikhuhla umphezulu, isebenzisa i-solvent ukuze ikhuphe kwaye isebenzise amandla aphezulu okucheba ulwelo kumasuntswana aqhotyoshelweyo.Ukucoceka kokugqibela kuhambelana ne-solvent kunye nezinto ezingcolileyo kwiphepha le-lens.Iphepha ngalinye lelensi liyalahlwa emva kokuba lisetyenziswe kube kanye ukunqanda ukungcoliseka kwakhona.Umgangatho ophezulu wokucoceka komhlaba unokufezekiswa ngale ndlela yokucoca.
UkuntywiliselwaGintombi
Ukumanzisa iglasi yenye indlela elula neqhelekileyo yokucoca.Izixhobo ezisisiseko ezisetyenziselwa ukucoca ukucwina isitya esivulekileyo esenziwe ngeglasi, iplastiki okanye insimbi engenasici, egcwele isisombululo sokucoca.Amalungu eglasi anyanzeliswa ngokubumba okanye agxininiswe nge-clamp ekhethekileyo, aze afakwe kwisisombululo sokucoca.Inokushukunyiswa okanye hayi.Emva kokucwina ixesha elifutshane, ikhutshwe kwisitya, iindawo ezimanzi zomiswa ngelaphu lekotoni elingangcoliswanga kwaye zihlolwe ngokukhanya kwentsimi emnyama.Ukuba ucoceko aluhambelani neemfuno, lunokuthi lufakwe kwi-liquid efanayo okanye esinye isisombululo sokucoca kwakhona ukuphinda le nkqubo ingentla.
IasidiPicklingTo BvukaGintombi
I-Pickling kukusetyenziswa kweeasidi zamandla ahlukeneyo (ukusuka kwi-acids ebuthakathaka ukuya kwi-acids eqinile) kunye nemixube yazo (efana nomxube we-asidi kunye ne-asidi ye-sulfuric) ukucoca iglasi.Ukuze kuveliswe umgangatho weglasi ecocekileyo, zonke iiasidi ngaphandle kweasidi ye-hydrogen kufuneka zitshiswe zibe yi-60 ~ 85 ℃ ukuze zisetyenziswe, kuba isilicon dioxide akulula ukuyinyibilika ngeeasidi (ngaphandle kwe-hydrofluoric acid), kwaye kusoloko kukho isilicon ecocekileyo umphezulu weglasi yokuguga, Ubushushu obuphezulu buluncedo ekunyibilikeni kwesilica.Ukuziqhelanisa kubonakalise ukuba umxube wokupholisa wedilution oqulethe i-5% HF, 33% HNO2, 2% teepol-l isepha cationic kunye ne-60% H1o lulwelo olugqwesileyo jikelele lokutyibiliza iglasi yokuhlamba kunye nesilika.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-pickling ayifanelekanga kuzo zonke iiglasi, ngakumbi kwiiglasi ezinomxholo ophezulu we-barium oxide okanye i-lead oxide (njengezinye iiglasi ze-optical), Ezi zinto zinokuthi zikhutshwe yi-asidi ebuthathaka ukwenza uhlobo lwe-silica ye-thiopine. .
IAlkaliWuthuthuAnd GintombiAukulungisa
Ukucoca iglasi kukusebenzisa isisombululo se-caustic soda (isisombululo seNaOH) ukucoca iglasi.Isisombululo se-NaOH sinamandla okunciphisa kunye nokususa igrisi.Igrisi kunye ne-lipid efana nemathiriyeli inokuthi ifakwe i-saponified ibe yityuwa yobungqina be-asidi yegrisi ngealkali.Iimveliso zokusabela kwezi zisombululo ezinamanzi zinokuhlanjululwa ngokulula kwindawo ecocekileyo.Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthenjwa ukuba inkqubo yokucoca iya kunqunyulwa kwinqanaba elingcolileyo, kodwa ukubola okuncinci kwezinto ezixhasayo ngokwazo kuvunyelwe, okuqinisekisa ukuphumelela kwenkqubo yokucoca.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-corrosion enamandla kunye ne-leaching effects ayilindelekanga, eya konakalisa umgangatho womhlaba kwaye kufuneka igwenywe.Iiglasi ezikwaziyo ukumelana neekhemikhali ze-inorganic kunye ne-organic zinokufumaneka kwiisampuli zemveliso yeglasi.Ukucwiliswa okulula kunye nokuyinkimbinkimbi kunye neenkqubo zokuhlamba zisetyenziselwa ukucoca umswakama kwiindawo ezincinci.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-21-2021