Ubuso bwikirahure bwerekanwe nikirere muri rusange bwanduye.Ibintu byose bidafite akamaro nimbaraga ziri hejuru ni umwanda, kandi ubuvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose buzatera umwanda.Ukurikije imiterere yumubiri, umwanda wubutaka urashobora kuba gaze, amazi cyangwa bikomeye, bibaho muburyo bwa membrane cyangwa granular.Byongeye kandi, ukurikije imiterere yimiti yacyo, irashobora kuba muburyo bwa ionic cyangwa covalent, organic organique cyangwa organic.Hariho amasoko menshi y’umwanda, kandi umwanda wambere ukunze kuba igice cyimiterere yubuso ubwabwo.Ikintu cya Adsorption, reaction ya chimique, uburyo bwo kumisha no kumisha, kuvura imashini, gukwirakwiza no gutandukanya ibintu byose byongera umwanda wangiza ibintu bitandukanye.Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi nubuhanga bwinshi nibisabwa bisaba isura nziza.Kurugero, mbere yo gutanga mask yubuso, ubuso bugomba kuba busukuye, naho ubundi firime nubuso ntibizakomeza neza, cyangwa ngo bikomere.
IkirahureCyegamiyeMethod
Hariho uburyo bwinshi busanzwe bwo koza ibirahure, harimo gusukura ibishishwa, gushyushya no gusukura imirasire, gusukura ultrasonic, gusukura ibintu, nibindi.
Isuku ya solvent nuburyo busanzwe, ukoresheje amazi arimo ibikoresho byogusukura, acide acide cyangwa solide ya anhydrous nka Ethanol, C, nibindi, emulion cyangwa imyuka ya solvent nayo irashobora gukoreshwa.Ubwoko bwa solvent ikoreshwa biterwa na miterere yanduye.Isuku ya solvent irashobora kugabanywamo scrubbing, kwibiza (harimo gusukura aside, gusukura alkali, nibindi), gusukura ibyuka byangiza spray nubundi buryo.
GusweraGlass
Inzira yoroshye yo koza ibirahuri ni ugusiga hejuru hamwe nipamba yinjiza, ikinjizwa muruvange rwumukungugu wera wimvura, inzoga cyangwa amoniya.Hariho ibimenyetso byerekana ko ibisigazwa bya chalk bishobora gusigara kuri ubu buso, bityo ibyo bice bigomba guhanagurwa neza n'amazi meza cyangwa Ethanol nyuma yo kuvurwa.Ubu buryo burakwiriye cyane mbere yo gukora isuku, niyo ntambwe yambere yo gukora isuku.Nuburyo busanzwe bwo gukora isuku yohanagura hepfo ya lens cyangwa indorerwamo hamwe nimpapuro zuzuye zuzuye.Iyo fibre yimpapuro zipanze hejuru, ikoresha umusemburo kugirango ikuremo kandi ikoreshe ingufu zogosha zamazi hejuru yibice bifatanye.Isuku ya nyuma ifitanye isano na solve hamwe n umwanda uri mumpapuro.Buri mpapuro za lens zijugunywa nyuma yo gukoreshwa rimwe kugirango wirinde kwanduza.Urwego rwo hejuru rwisuku yubutaka rushobora kugerwaho nubu buryo bwo gukora isuku.
KwibizwaGlass
Kunyika ibirahuri nubundi buryo bworoshye kandi bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gukora isuku.Ibikoresho by'ibanze bikoreshwa mu gushiramo isuku ni ikintu gifunguye gikozwe mu kirahure, plastiki cyangwa ibyuma bidafite ingese, byuzuyemo igisubizo.Ibice by'ibirahuri bifatanyirizwa hamwe cyangwa bigashyirwaho clamp idasanzwe, hanyuma bigashyirwa mubisubizo byogusukura.Irashobora gukangurwa cyangwa kutabikora.Nyuma yo gushiramo igihe gito, ikurwa muri kontineri, Ibice bitose hanyuma bikumishwa nigitambara cy ipamba kitanduye kandi kigasuzumwa n’itara ryijimye.Niba isuku itujuje ibisabwa, irashobora gushirwa mumazi amwe cyangwa ikindi gisubizo cyogusukura kugirango isubiremo inzira yavuzwe haruguru.
AcidePkurigataTo BreakGlass
Gutoragura ni ugukoresha acide zingufu zinyuranye (kuva intege nke kugeza acide zikomeye) hamwe nuruvange rwazo (nkuruvange rwa aside na acide sulfurike) kugirango usukure ikirahure.Kugirango habeho ikirahure gisukuye, acide zose usibye aside hydrogène igomba gushyuha kugeza kuri 60 ~ 85 ℃ kugirango ikoreshwe, kuko dioxyde ya silicon ntabwo yoroshye gushonga na acide (usibye aside hydrofluoric), kandi burigihe hariho silikoni nziza kuri hejuru yikirahure gisaza, Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burafasha mugusenya silika.Imyitozo yerekanye ko imvange yo gukonjesha ikonje irimo 5% HF, 33% HNO2, 2% teepol-l cationic detergent na 60% H1o ni amazi meza muri rusange yo kunyerera ibirahuri na silika.Twabibutsa ko gutoragura bidakwiriye ibirahuri byose, cyane cyane kubirahuri birimo ibintu byinshi bya oxyde ya barium cyangwa okiside ya okiside (nk'ibirahuri bimwe na bimwe bya optique), Ibi bintu birashobora no guterwa na aside idakomeye kugirango bibe ubwoko bwa thiopine silika .
AlkaliWashingAnd GlassADjusting
Isuku yikirahure nugukoresha caustic soda yumuti (NaOH igisubizo) kugirango usukure ikirahure.Igisubizo cya NaOH gifite ubushobozi bwo kumanuka no gukuraho amavuta.Amavuta na lipide nkibikoresho birashobora gushirwa mumunyu wa aside irike na alkali.Ibicuruzwa bivamo ibisubizo byamazi birashobora kwozwa byoroshye hanze yubusa.Muri rusange twizera ko gahunda yo gukora isuku izagarukira gusa ku gipimo cyanduye, ariko kwangirika kworoheje kwibikoresho byinyuma ubwabyo biremewe, ibyo bigatuma isuku igenda neza.Tugomba kumenya ko ingaruka zikomeye zo kwangirika no gutemba zitateganijwe, zangiza ubwiza bwubutaka kandi zigomba kwirindwa.Ibirahuri bidashobora kwihanganira ibirahuri hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bishobora kuboneka mubirahure by'ibirahure.Kwibiza byoroshye kandi bigoye hamwe na lavage bikoreshwa cyane mugusukura ubuhehere bwibice bito.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-21-2021