Filayen gilashin da aka fallasa ga yanayin gabaɗaya ya ƙazantu.Duk wani abu mara amfani da kuzarin da ke sama na gurbacewa ne, kuma duk wani magani zai haifar da gurbacewa.Dangane da yanayin jiki, gurɓatacciyar ƙasa na iya zama iskar gas, ruwa ko ƙaƙƙarfan, wanda ke wanzuwa a cikin nau'in membrane ko granular.Bugu da ƙari, bisa ga halayen sinadarai, yana iya zama a cikin ionic ko covalent yanayi, inorganic ko kwayoyin halitta.Akwai maɓuɓɓuka da yawa na ƙazanta, kuma gurɓacewar farko sau da yawa wani ɓangare ne na tsarin samuwar saman kanta.Adsorption sabon abu, sinadaran dauki, leaching da bushewa tsari, inji jiyya, yaduwa da rarrabuwa tsari duk ƙara da surface gurbatawa na daban-daban aka gyara.Koyaya, yawancin bincike na kimiyya da fasaha da aikace-aikacen suna buƙatar filaye masu tsabta.Alal misali, kafin ba da abin rufe fuska, dole ne saman ya kasance mai tsabta, in ba haka ba fim din da farfajiya ba za su kasance da kyau ba, ko ma manne da shi.
GilashinCjinginaMdabi'a
Akwai da yawa na kowa hanyoyin da gilashin tsaftacewa, ciki har da ƙarfi tsaftacewa, dumama da radiation tsaftacewa, ultrasonic tsaftacewa, fitarwa tsaftacewa, da dai sauransu.
Tsaftacewa mai narkewa hanya ce ta gama gari, ta amfani da ruwa mai ɗauke da kayan tsaftacewa, tsarma acid ko sauran ƙarfi mai anhydrous kamar ethanol, C, da sauransu, ana iya amfani da emulsion ko tururi mai narkewa.Nau'in sauran ƙarfi da aka yi amfani da shi ya dogara da yanayin gurɓataccen abu.Ana iya raba tsaftacewa mai narkewa zuwa gogewa, nutsewa (ciki har da tsaftacewar acid, tsaftacewar alkali, da sauransu), tsaftacewar feshi da sauran hanyoyin.
ShafawaGlass
Hanya mafi sauƙi don tsaftace gilashin ita ce a shafa saman tare da auduga mai sha, wanda aka nutsar a cikin cakuda farin ƙura, barasa ko ammonia.Akwai alamun cewa za a iya barin alamar alli a kan waɗannan filaye, don haka dole ne a tsaftace waɗannan sassa da ruwa mai tsabta ko ethanol bayan an yi magani.Wannan hanya ita ce mafi dacewa don tsaftacewa kafin tsaftacewa, wanda shine mataki na farko na tsaftacewa.Yana da kusan daidaitaccen hanyar tsaftacewa don goge ƙasan ruwan tabarau ko madubi tare da takarda ruwan tabarau cike da ƙarfi.Lokacin da fiber na takarda ruwan tabarau yana goge saman, yana amfani da sauran ƙarfi don cirewa da kuma amfani da ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ga barbashi da aka haɗe.Tsaftar ƙarshe tana da alaƙa da ƙamshi da ƙazanta a cikin takardar ruwan tabarau.Ana watsar da kowace takarda ta ruwan tabarau bayan an yi amfani da ita sau ɗaya don guje wa sake gurɓatawar.Ana iya samun babban matakin tsaftar ƙasa tare da wannan hanyar tsaftacewa.
NitsewaGlass
Gilashin jiƙa shine wata hanya mai sauƙi kuma wacce aka saba amfani da ita.Kayan aiki na asali da aka yi amfani da su don tsaftacewa mai tsabta shine buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen gilashi, filastik ko bakin karfe, wanda aka cika da bayani mai tsabta.An ɗora sassan gilashi tare da ƙirƙira ko ɗaure tare da matsi na musamman, sa'an nan kuma saka a cikin maganin tsaftacewa.Ana iya motsa shi ko a'a.Bayan an jika na dan lokaci kadan, sai a fitar da shi daga cikin kwandon, sai a busar da sassan da ke damfare da rigar auduga mara gurbace sannan a duba shi da hasken filin duhu.Idan tsabta bai dace da buƙatun ba, ana iya jiƙa shi a cikin ruwa ɗaya ko wani bayani mai tsabta don sake maimaita tsarin da ke sama.
AcidPicklingTo BmaimaitaGlass
Pickling shine amfani da acid mai ƙarfi daban-daban (daga mai rauni zuwa mai ƙarfi) da gaurayawan su (kamar cakuda acid da sulfuric acid) don tsaftace gilashin.Domin samar da tsabta gilashin surface, duk acid ban da hydrogen acid dole ne a mai tsanani zuwa 60 ~ 85 ℃ don amfani, saboda silicon dioxide ba sauki a narkar da acid (sai dai hydrofluoric acid), kuma akwai ko da yaushe lafiya silicon a kan. saman gilashin tsufa, Mafi girman zafin jiki yana taimakawa ga rushewar silica.Aiki ya tabbatar da cewa cakuda dilution mai sanyaya mai ɗauke da 5% HF, 33% HNO2, 2% teepol-l cationic detergent da 60% H1o shine babban ruwa na gabaɗaya don zamewa gilashin wanka da silica.Ya kamata a lura da cewa pickling bai dace da duk gilashin ba, musamman ga gilashin da ke da babban abun ciki na barium oxide ko gubar oxide (kamar wasu gilashin gani), waɗannan abubuwa ma ana iya zubar da su da raunin acid don samar da wani nau'in thiopine silica surface. .
AlkaliWtokaAnd GlassAdaidaitawa
Tsaftace gilashi shine a yi amfani da maganin soda caustic (Maganin NaOH) don tsaftace gilashi.Maganin NaOH yana da ikon ragewa da cire mai.Maiko da kayan kamar lipid ana iya sa su cikin gishiri mai tabbatar da acid ta alkali.Samfuran amsawar waɗannan mafita na ruwa za a iya wanke su cikin sauƙi daga saman mai tsabta.Ana fatan gabaɗaya cewa tsarin tsaftacewa zai iyakance ga gurɓataccen Layer, amma ana ba da izinin lalata mai laushi na kayan tallafi da kanta, wanda ke tabbatar da nasarar aikin tsaftacewa.Dole ne a lura cewa ba a sa ran lalata mai ƙarfi da tasirin leaching, wanda zai lalata ingancin saman kuma ya kamata a kauce masa.Za'a iya samun gilashin inorganic masu juriya da sinadarai a cikin samfuran samfuran gilashi.Sauƙaƙe da hadaddun nutsewa da hanyoyin lavage ana amfani da su musamman don tsabtace ɗanɗano na ƙananan sassa.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-21-2021