Kusindikiza kwa galasi ndi ceramic

Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha sayansi ndi luso lamakono, zofunikira za zipangizo zamakono zamakono ndizokwera kwambiri m'magawo apamwamba monga makampani amagetsi, makampani opanga mphamvu za nyukiliya, zakuthambo ndi kulankhulana kwamakono.Monga tonse tikudziwa, zida za ceramic za engineering (zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti zoumba za ceramic) zopangidwa ndi ukadaulo wamakono ndi zida zatsopano zaumisiri kuti zigwirizane ndi chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wamakono.Pakali pano, wakhala wachitatu zinthu zomangamanga pambuyo zitsulo ndi pulasitiki.Zinthuzi sizingokhala ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kuvala ndi zinthu zina zapadera, komanso zimakhala ndi kukana kwa ma radiation, maulendo apamwamba komanso kutsekemera kwamagetsi ndi zina zamagetsi, komanso phokoso, kuwala, kutentha, magetsi. , maginito ndi zamoyo, mankhwala, kuteteza chilengedwe ndi zina zapadera katundu.Izi zimapangitsa kuti ziwiya zadothi zigwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi, ma microelectronics, chidziwitso cha optoelectronic ndi kulankhulana kwamakono, kulamulira basi ndi zina zotero.Mwachiwonekere, mumitundu yonse yazinthu zamagetsi, ukadaulo wosindikiza wa ceramic ndi zinthu zina udzakhala wofunikira kwambiri.

Kusindikiza magalasi ndi ceramic ndi njira yolumikizira galasi ndi ceramic mu dongosolo lonse ndi teknoloji yoyenera.M'mawu ena, galasi ndi ceramic mbali ntchito luso luso, kuti zipangizo ziwiri zosiyana pamodzi kukhala olowa zinthu zosiyana, ndi kupanga ntchito yake kukwaniritsa zofunika za dongosolo chipangizo.

Kusindikiza pakati pa ceramic ndi galasi kwapangidwa mwachangu m'zaka zaposachedwa.Imodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri zaukadaulo wosindikiza ndikupereka njira yotsika mtengo yopangira magawo azinthu zambiri.Chifukwa mapangidwe a ceramics amachepa ndi magawo ndi zida, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupanga ukadaulo wosindikiza wothandiza.Ma ceramics ambiri, ngakhale kutentha kwambiri, amawonetsanso mawonekedwe a zida zowoneka bwino, chifukwa chake zimakhala zovuta kupanga magawo owoneka bwino kudzera pakupindika kwa zoumba zowuma.Muzinthu zina zachitukuko, monga ndondomeko yapamwamba ya injini yamoto, zigawo zina zimatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina, koma n'zovuta kukwaniritsa kupanga kwakukulu chifukwa cha zovuta zamtengo wapatali komanso zovuta kukonza.Komabe, ukadaulo wosindikiza wa porcelain umatha kulumikiza magawo osavutikira m'mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, omwe sikuti amachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wokonza, komanso amachepetsa ndalama zolipirira.Ntchito ina yofunika yaukadaulo wosindikiza ndikuwongolera kudalirika kwa kapangidwe ka ceramic.Ceramics ndi zida zowonongeka, zomwe zimadalira kwambiri zowonongeka, mawonekedwe ovuta asanapangidwe, n'zosavuta kuyang'ana ndikuwona zolakwika za ziwalo zosavuta, zomwe zingathe kusintha kwambiri kudalirika kwa zigawozo.

Njira yosindikizira ya galasi ndi ceramic

Pakali pano, pali mitundu itatu ya njira ceramic kusindikiza: kuwotcherera zitsulo, olimba gawo mayamwidwe kuwotcherera ndi okusayidi galasi kuwotcherera (1) yogwira zitsulo kuwotcherera ndi njira kuwotcherera ndi kusindikiza mwachindunji pakati ceramic ndi galasi ndi zotakasika zitsulo ndi solder.Zomwe zimatchedwa zitsulo zogwira ntchito zimatanthauza Ti, Zr, HF ndi zina zotero.Gawo lawo la atomiki lamagetsi silinadzazidwe mokwanira.Choncho, poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zina, imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.Zitsulozi zimakhala ndi mgwirizano waukulu wa oxides, silicates ndi zinthu zina, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuti zikhale ndi okosijeni nthawi zambiri, motero zimatchedwa zitsulo zogwira ntchito.Pa nthawi yomweyo, zitsulo ndi Cu, Ni, AgCu, Ag, etc. kupanga intermetallic pa kutentha m'munsi kuposa mfundo zawo kusungunuka, ndipo intermetallic izi akhoza bwino bonded pamwamba pa galasi ndi ziwiya zadothi pa kutentha kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, kusindikiza magalasi ndi ceramic kumatha kumalizidwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito golide wokhazikika komanso zophulika zofananira.

(2) Zotumphukira gawo diffusion kusindikiza ndi njira kuzindikira kusindikiza lonse pansi pa kupsyinjika kwina ndi kutentha pamene zidutswa ziwiri za masango zinthu kukhudzana kwambiri ndi kupanga mapindikidwe pulasitiki, kotero kuti maatomu awo kukula ndi mgwirizano wina ndi mzake.

(3) Solder wagalasi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza galasi ndi zadothi zanyama.

Kusindikiza kwa galasi la solder

(1) Galasi, ceramic ndi galasi la solder ziyenera kusankhidwa ngati zida zosindikizira poyamba, ndipo gawo lokulitsa phazi la atatu liyenera kufanana, lomwe ndilo chinsinsi chachikulu cha kupambana kwa kusindikiza.Chinthu chinanso ndi chakuti galasi losankhidwa liyenera kuthiridwa bwino ndi galasi ndi ceramic panthawi yosindikiza, ndipo magawo osindikizidwa (galasi ndi ceramic) sayenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwa kutentha, Pomaliza, ziwalo zonse pambuyo pa kusindikiza ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zina.

(2) The processing khalidwe la zigawo: kusindikiza mapeto a nkhope mbali galasi mbali, ceramic mbali ndi galasi solder ayenera kukhala apamwamba flatness, apo ayi makulidwe a solder galasi wosanjikiza si zogwirizana, zomwe zidzachititsa kuwonjezeka kusindikiza kupanikizika, ndipo ngakhale kutsogolera. kuphulika kwa zigawo za porcelain.

(3) The binder wa solder galasi ufa akhoza kukhala madzi oyera kapena zosungunulira organic.Pamene zosungunulira za organic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati binder, njira yosindikizira ikasasankhidwa bwino, kaboni imachepetsedwa ndipo galasi la solder lidzadetsedwa.Komanso, akamasindikiza, zosungunulira za organic zidzawola, ndipo mpweya woipa ku thanzi la munthu udzatulutsidwa.Choncho, sankhani madzi oyera momwe mungathere.

(4) makulidwe a kuthamanga solder galasi wosanjikiza zambiri 30 ~ 50um.Ngati kupanikizika kuli kochepa kwambiri, ngati galasi la galasi liri lakuda kwambiri, mphamvu yosindikiza idzachepetsedwa, ndipo ngakhale mpweya wa m'nyanja udzapangidwa.Chifukwa nkhope yosindikizira singakhale ndege yabwino, kupanikizika ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, makulidwe amtundu wa galasi la malasha amasiyana kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitsenso kuwonjezereka kwa kusindikiza kusindikiza, komanso kuyambitsa kusweka.

(5) The specifications stepwise Kutentha mmwamba anatengera kwa crystallization kusindikiza, amene ali ndi zolinga ziwiri: chimodzi ndi kuteteza kuwira mu solder galasi wosanjikiza chifukwa cha kukula mofulumira chinyezi pa siteji koyamba Kutentha, ndi zina. ndi kupewa kusweka kwa chidutswa chonse ndi galasi chifukwa cha kutentha kosafanana chifukwa cha kutentha kofulumira pamene kukula kwa chidutswa chonse ndi galasi la galasi ndi lalikulu.Pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka mpaka kutentha koyambirira kwa solder, galasi la solder limayamba kuphulika.Kutentha kwakukulu kosindikiza, nthawi yosindikiza kwautali, ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimatuluka ndizopindulitsa pakuwongolera mphamvu yosindikiza, koma kulimba kwa mpweya kumachepa.Kutentha kosindikiza kumakhala kochepa, nthawi yosindikiza ndi yochepa, mawonekedwe a galasi ndi aakulu, kutsekemera kwa mpweya kuli bwino, koma mphamvu yosindikizira imachepa, Kuphatikiza apo, chiwerengero cha analytes chimakhudzanso kukula kwa mzere wa galasi la solder.Choncho, pofuna kutsimikizira khalidwe losindikiza, kuwonjezera pa kusankha galasi loyenera la solder, ndondomeko yoyenera yosindikizira ndi ndondomeko yosindikiza iyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi nkhope yoyesera.Pogwiritsa ntchito magalasi ndi kusindikiza kwa ceramic, ndondomeko yosindikiza iyeneranso kusinthidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe a galasi la solder.