Ho sila ha Khalase

Ho betla ka khalase ke ho betla le ho betla lihlahisoa tsa khalase ka mechini e fapaneng ea ho sila.Lingoliloeng tse ling, e bitsoa "following cutting" le "engraving".Mongoli o nahana hore ho nepahetse haholoanyane ho sebelisa ho sila ho betla, hobane ho totobatsa mosebetsi oa lebili le silang, e le ho bontša phapang ho mefuta eohle ea lithipa tse betlang tsa bonono le mesebetsi ea matsoho;Mefuta e mengata ea ho sila le ho betla e pharaletseng, ho kenyelletsa ho betla le ho betla.Ho sila le ho ngola ka khalase ho ka aroloa ka mefuta e latelang:

1Ha ho bapisoa le mahlakore a mararo, ho betloa ha sefofane mona ha ho bolele hakaalo ho sefofane se nang le khalase e bataletseng e le motheo, ho kenyelletsa le likhalase tse fapa-fapaneng tse kobehileng tsa likhalase, likhau, lihopotso, lipontšo, joalo-joalo, empa haholo-holo li bua ka mekhoa ea libaka tse peli. ea khalase e bentšitsoeng ke ho betla sefofane.

(2) Sets'oants'o sa liphallelo ke mofuta oa sehlahisoa se betlang setšoantšo holim'a khalase, se ka aroloa ka liphallelo tse sa tebang (liphallelo tse tšesaane tse ka hare) le liphallelo tse phahameng.Sets'oants'o se sa tebang sa liphallelo se bolela ho imolla hore karo-karolelano ea botenya ba setšoantšo se le seng le botenya ba ntho ea nnete ho tloha moleng oa boemo ho ea sebakeng sa liphallelo ke hoo e ka bang 1/10;Phallelo e phahameng e bolela ho imoloha moo karo-karolelano ea botenya ba setšoantšo se le seng ho botenya ba ntho ea sebele ho tloha moleng oa boemo ho ea sebakeng sa liphallelo ho feta 2 / 5. Thuso e loketse ho shebella ka lehlakoreng le leng.

(3) Round sculpture ke mofuta oa setšoantšo se betliloeng sa khalase se sa khomaretsoeng mokokotlong ofe kapa ofe mme se loketse ho ananeloa ka mahlakoreng a mangata, ho kenyeletsa hlooho, sefuba, 'mele oohle, lihlopha le liphoofolo.

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(5) Ho betla line ho bolela ho betla holim'a khalase ka Yin line kapa Yang line e le sebopeho se seholo.Ho thata ho khetholla ka tieo ho betla line ho tloha ho ho betla sefofane.

(6) Openwork e bolela ho imoloha ha ho phunya fatše fatše.U ka bona botle bo ka mor'a liphallelo ho tloha ka pele ho pholletsa le sebaka sa fatše.

Ka lebaka la ho betla ha likhalase tse pota-potileng nako e telele, ho betla ha selika-likoe le ho betla ka mokhoa o bulehileng, hangata khalase e qala ho bōptjoa hore e be roughcast, ebe e fatše le ho betloa.Hangata tsena ke mesebetsi ea bonono.Tlhahiso ea kamehla ke ho betla line, liphallelo le lifofane ho betla lihlahisoa tsa khalase.

Ho betla ka likhalase ho na le histori e telele.Lekholong la bo7 la lilemo BC, lintho tsa khalase tse bentšitsoeng li ile tsa hlaha Mesopotamia, 'me Persia ho tloha lekholong la bo7 la lilemo BC ho isa lekholong la bo5 la lilemo BC, lipaterone tsa lotus li ne li ngotsoe ka tlase ho lipoleiti tsa khalase.Nakong ea Achaemenid ea Egepeta ka 50 BC, tlhahiso ea khalase ea fatše e ne e atlehile haholo.Lekholong la pele la lilemo AD, batho ba Roma ba ne ba sebelisa lebili ho betla lihlahisoa tsa khalase.Ho tloha 700 ho isa ho 1400 ad, basebetsi ba khalase ea Mamoseleme ba sebelisitse theknoloji e mene ea ho betla le ea liphallelo ho sebetsana le bokaholimo ba khalase le ho etsa likhalase tsa liphallelo.Bohareng ba lekholo la bo17 la lilemo, Ravenscroft, monna oa Lenyesemane, o ile a fata fatše 'me a ngola khalase ea boleng ba loto.Ka lebaka la index ea eona e phahameng ea refractive le dispersion, le ponaletso e ntle, lead crystal glass e etsa karolo e boreleli ka mor'a ho sila.Mofuta ona oa likarolo tse ngata o ntlafatsa haholo phello ea ho hlajoa ha khalase mme o hlahisa khanya e nang le mahlakore a mangata holim'a khalase, e leng se etsang hore lihlahisoa tsa khalase li be pepeneneng le ho benya, le ho ntlafatsa maikutlo a botle ba lihlahisoa tsa khalase. mefuta e fapaneng ea lihlahisoa tsa khalase, e leng ho sila le ho betla lihlahisoa tsa khalase.Ho tloha ka 1729 ho isa 1851, feme ea Waterford naheng ea Ireland le eona e ile ea etsa khalase ea kristale ea fatše, e ileng ea etsa hore khalase ea kristale ea Waterford e tume lefatšeng ka bophara ka lerako la eona le teteaneng le jiometry e tebileng.E Thehiloe ka 1765 fekthering ea khalase ea baccarat, Fora, khalase ea kristale e silatsoeng e hlahisoang hape ke e 'ngoe ea likhalase tse siloang ka ho fetisisa Europe, tse bitsoang khalase ea baccarat hape e fetoleloa e le khalase ea baccarat.Ho boetse ho na le likhalase tsa kristale tsa Swarovski le Bohemia, joalo ka Swarovski's grinding crystal ball, e sehiloeng le ho siloa ka mathoko a 224.Leseli le bonahatsoa ho tloha ka hare ho mahlakoreng a mangata 'me le khelosoa ho tloha mathōko le likhutlong.Mathoko le likhutlo tsena le tsona li sebetsa joalo ka liprism 'me li bolisa leseli le lesoeu hanyenyane ho ba mebala e supileng e khanyang, e bonts'a bokhabane bo hlollang.Ntle le moo, khalase ea fatše ea khoebo ea orefors ea Sweden le eona ke ea boleng bo holimo.

Mokhoa oa ho sila le ho ngola ka khalase o ka aroloa ka mefuta e 'meli: ho betla le ho betla.

Ho fata ka khalase

Khalase e betliloeng ke mofuta oa sehlahisoa se sebelisang lebili le potolohang le lebili la abrasive kapa emery ho eketsa metsi ho etsa sefofane sa khalase hore e be lipaterone le lipaterone.

Mefuta ea litšoantšo tsa khalase

Ho ea ka theknoloji ea ho sebetsa le phello, lipalesa tsa khalase li ka aroloa ka ho betla ka bohale le ho betla joang.

(1) Mongolo o betliloeng ka mahlakoreng (mongolo o motle, mongolo o tebileng, mongolo o retelehang) o sila le ho betla bokaholimo ba khalase sebakeng se sephara kapa se sephara, 'me o kopanya lipaterone le lipaterone tse itseng ka li-grooves tse khutlo-tharo tsa botebo bo fapaneng, joalo ka naleli, radial, polygon, jj. ., eo hangata e akarelletsang mekhoa e meraro: ho sila ka thata, ho sila hantle le ho bentša.

Ka lebaka la khaello ea lisebelisoa, likarolo tsa motheo tsa mohlala oa moeli ke ntlha ea selikalikoe, molomo o bohale (sebaka se tiileng sa lijo-thollo tse khutšoanyane lipheletsong tse peli), bar e kholo (bolelele bo tebileng ba groove), silika, khalemelo ea holim'a metsi, joalo-joalo ka mor'a ho nolofatsa le ho senyeha, liphoofolo, lipalesa le limela li ka bontšoa.Litšobotsi tsa likarolo tsena tsa motheo ke tse latelang:

① Matheba a ka aroloa ka selikalikoe se felletseng, semicircle le ellipse.Mefuta eohle ea matheba e ka sebelisoa e le mong, e kopantsoe le ho hlophisoa.Ha li bapisoa le molomo o bohale, li ka eketsa liphetoho.

Jiankou Jiankou e arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli, eo hangata e leng sebopeho sa motsoako.Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho kopanya ke Baijie, rouzhuan, fantou, lipalesa, snowflake joalo-joalo.Baijie e ka hlahisa eccentric Baijie, hollow Baijie, Inner Baijie joalo-joalo, 'me liphetoho tse ngata li ka hlaha ha palo ea Baijie e fapane.Mekhoa e nang le motsoako o bohale oa molomo e sebelisoa e le 'mele o ka sehloohong oa ho betla.

③ Silika ke mofuta oa lets'oao le tšesaane le le sa tebang.Libōpeho tse sa tšoaneng tsa silika li fa batho boikutlo bo bonolo le bo bonolo ha ho ngoloa koloi

Tataiso le palo e fapaneng ea silika e hokahanngoa, e ka hlahisang sebaka se seholo se kang lehakoe le sebopeho sa chrysanthemum, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe setšoantšong 18-41.

④ Li-bar li na le li-grooves tse teteaneng.Litšepe li kobehile ebile li otlolohile.Libaka tse otlolohileng li boreleli ebile li ntle.Li-bar li sebelisoa haholo-holo ho arola sebaka le ho etsa skeleton.The refraction ea khalase e haholo-holo hlokomela ke bona.

① Molomo, bokatlase le botlaaseng ba lisebelisoa, le libaka tseo ho leng thata ho etsa ts'ebetso e ntle ea mohlala, hangata li tšoaroa ka bokaholimo ba moeli.

Ka ho kopana le deformation, lintlha tse hlano tse ka holimo li ka bontša liphoofolo, lipalesa le limela, kahoo li etsa mefuta e mengata ea litšoantšo tse betliloeng.

Molao oa ho fapana o lokela ho sebelisoa ka botlalo molemong oa sebopeho sa moeli, 'me bar e teteaneng le e matla e lokela ho bapisoa le leihlo le boreleli.Re lokela ho ela hloko phetoho ea karolo ea karohano ea bar e kholo, eseng e le monotonous joalo ka chessboard.Sebopeho sa bar e kholo e lokela ho ba se teteaneng hantle, e le ho qoba bohlasoa.Re ka boela ra sebelisa phapang lipakeng tsa transparent le matte, realistic and abstract ho tsoela pele ho khabisa paterone.

Molao-motheo o momahaneng o bohlokoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang moralong oa mekhoa ea ho betla e bohale.Likarolo tse fapaneng tsa mekhabiso ha lia lokela ho sebelisoa haholo le tse fapaneng haholo, ke hore, likarolo tse kang matheba le mahlo a lipalo ha lia lokela ho thathamisoa hammoho.Haeba sebopeho sa lebili e le sampole ea mantlha, lisampole tse ling li lokela ho ba maemong a sefi.Lihlahisoa tse ling tsa khalase tsa kantle ho naha li sebelisa mofuta o le mong feela oa element ho etsa matheba.Ka mantsoe a mang, moralo oa mohlala oa khalase e betliloeng e phethiloeng e lokela ho nahana ka molao oa phapang le bonngoe, ke hore, ho batla bonngoe ka ho fapana le ho kopanya phapang bonngoeng.Ke ka tsela ena feela e ka bang e hlakileng le ea tlhaho ntle le pherekano, e lumellanang le e tsitsitseng ntle le monotony.