Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws muaj kev xav sib txawv ntawm keeb kwm ntawm iav hauv Suav teb.Ib qho yog txoj kev xav ntawm tus kheej tsim, thiab lwm qhov yog txoj kev xav ntawm txawv teb chaws.Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev tsim technology ntawm iav los ntawm Western Zhou Dynasty unearthed nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj thiab cov nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob, thiab coj mus rau hauv tus account lub zoo tej yam kev mob rau lub melting ntawm thawj plooj (porcelain) thiab bronze ware thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, txoj kev xav ntawm tus kheej. creation tuav hais tias lub iav nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yog evolved los ntawm cov thawj porcelain glaze, nrog cov ntoo tshauv raws li flux, thiab cov iav muaj pes tsawg leeg yog alkali calcium silicate system, cov ntsiab lus ntawm poov tshuaj oxide yog siab tshaj li ntawm sodium oxide, uas yog txawv los ntawm cov uas. thaum ub Babylon thiab tim lyiv teb chaws.Tom qab ntawd, txhuas oxide los ntawm bronze ua thiab alchemy tau nkag mus rau hauv iav los ua ib qho tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txhuas barium silicate.Tag nrho cov no qhia tias Tuam Tshoj tej zaum yuav tau ua iav ib leeg.Lwm qhov kev pom yog tias cov iav suav thaum ub tau muab los ntawm sab hnub poob.Kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv thiab txhim kho cov pov thawj yog xav tau.
Los ntawm 1660 BC rau 1046 BC, cov porcelain thiab bronze smelting technology tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lig Shang Dynasty.Qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov plooj (porcelain) thiab tooj liab smelting kub yog txog 1000C.Hom kiln no tuaj yeem siv rau kev npaj glaze xuab zeb thiab iav xuab zeb.Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Western Zhou Dynasty, glazed xuab zeb hlaws thiab raj tau ua raws li imitations ntawm jade.
Qhov ntau ntawm glazed xuab zeb hlaws ua nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg lub sij hawm yog ntau tshaj li nyob rau hauv lub Western Zhou Dynasty, thiab cov txuj ci theem kuj tau txhim kho.Qee qhov glazed xuab zeb hlaws twb tau koom nrog rau ntawm cov iav xuab zeb.Los ntawm lub sijhawm Warring States, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm iav tuaj yeem ua tau.Peb daim iav xiav unearthed ntawm rab ntaj ntawm Fu Chai, huab tais ntawm Wu (495-473 BC), thiab ob daim ntawm lub teeb xiav iav unearthed ntawm rab ntaj ntawm Gou Jian, huab tais ntawm Yue (496-464 BC), huab tais Chu, hauv Hubei Xeev, tuaj yeem siv ua pov thawj.Ob daim iav ntawm Gou Jian rab ntaj rooj plaub yog tsim los ntawm Chu cov neeg nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Warring States lub sij hawm los ntawm pouring txoj kev;Cov iav ntawm Fucha ntaj rooj plaub muaj qhov pom tseeb thiab muaj cov calcium silicate.Tooj liab ions ua rau nws xiav.Nws kuj tau ua nyob rau hauv Warring States lub sij hawm.
Nyob rau xyoo 1970, ib lub iav hlaws dai nrog dej qab zib iav (Dragonfly qhov muag) tau pom nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntxa ntawm poj niam Fucha, huab tais ntawm Wu hauv xeev Henan.Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov duab thiab kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov iav zoo ib yam li cov khoom ntawm Western Asian iav khoom.Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev ntseeg tias nws tau qhia los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob.Vim Wu thiab Yue yog thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, iav tuaj yeem raug xa mus rau Tuam Tshoj los ntawm hiav txwv.Raws li cov iav imitation jade Bi unearthed los ntawm ib co lwm yam me me thiab nruab nrab lub qhov ntxa nyob rau hauv lub Warring States lub sij hawm thiab pingminji, nws yuav pom tau hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov iav tau siv los hloov lub jade ware thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, uas txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov iav. kev lag luam iav hauv lub xeev Chu.Muaj tsawg kawg yog ob hom glaze xuab zeb unearthed los ntawm Chu tombs hauv Changsha thiab Jiangling, uas zoo ib yam li glaze xuab zeb unearthed los ntawm Western Zhou tombs.Lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua siok2o system, SiO2 - Cao) - Na2O system, SiO2 - PbO Bao system thiab SiO2 - PbO - Bao - Na2O system.Nws tuaj yeem suav tau tias Chu neeg lub iav ua tshuab tau tsim los ntawm Western Zhou Dynasty.Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws siv ntau hom kev sib xyaw ua ke, xws li txhuas barium iav muaj pes tsawg leeg, qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias qhov no yog cov yam ntxwv muaj pes tsawg leeg hauv Suav teb.Thib ob, nyob rau hauv txoj kev ua iav, ntxiv rau txoj kev sintering tseem ceeb, nws kuj tau tsim txoj kev molding los ntawm cov av nplaum pwm cam khwb cia los ntawm tooj liab, thiaj li yuav tsim iav phab ntsa, iav ntaj taub hau, iav ntaj prominence, iav phaj, iav tsej. thiab lwm yam.
Nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog Bronze ntawm peb lub teb chaws, dewaxing casting txoj kev tau siv los ua bronzes.Yog li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm siv txoj kev no los ua cov khoom iav nrog cov duab nyuaj.Cov iav tsiaj nyaum tau pom los ntawm lub qhov ntxa ntawm King Chu hauv beidongshan, Xuzhou, qhia qhov ua tau.
Los ntawm cov iav muaj pes tsawg leeg, kev tsim technology thiab cov khoom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv jade, peb tuaj yeem pom tias Chu tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov iav qub.
Lub sijhawm txij li xyoo pua 3 BC mus rau xyoo pua 6 BC yog Western Han Dynasty, Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei Jin thiab yav qab teb thiab Northern Dynasty.Cov khob iav ntsuab ntsuab thiab cov khob pob ntseg uas tau pom nyob hauv Hebei Xeev thaum ntxov Western Han Dynasty (txog 113 BC) tau tsim los ntawm molding.Cov iav, iav beasts thiab iav fragments los ntawm lub qhov ntxa ntawm tus huab tais Chu nyob rau hauv lub Western Han Dynasty (128 BC) twb unearthed nyob rau hauv Xuzhou, Jiangsu xeev.Lub iav yog ntsuab thiab ua los ntawm txhuas barium iav.Nws yog xim nrog tooj liab oxide.Cov iav yog opaque vim crystallization.
Archaeologists unearthed iav hmuv thiab iav jade khaub ncaws los ntawm lub qhov ntxa ntawm nruab nrab thiab lig Western Han Dynasty.Qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb xiav pob tshab iav hmuv yog qis dua li ntawm cov iav barium, uas zoo ib yam li cov dej qab zib txiv qaub iav, yog li nws yuav tsum muaj cov dej qab zib lime iav muaj pes tsawg leeg.Qee tus neeg xav tias nws tau qhia los ntawm sab hnub poob, tab sis nws cov duab zoo ib yam li cov hmuv tooj liab uas tau pom nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm Tuam Tshoj.Qee cov kws tshaj lij hauv keeb kwm iav xav tias nws yuav tsim nyob rau hauv Suav teb.Iav Yuyi ntsiav tshuaj yog ua los ntawm txhuas barium iav, translucent, thiab molded.
Western Han Dynasty kuj ua 1.9kg tsaus xiav translucent grain iav phab ntsa thiab 9.5cm loj × Ob leeg yog lead barium silicate iav.Cov no qhia tau hais tias kev tsim cov iav hauv Han Dynasty maj mam tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov khoom siv xws li iav tiaj tus, thiab tau teeb tsa rau lub tsev rau hnub ci.
Cov kws tshawb fawb Nyij Pooj tau tshaj tawm cov khoom iav thaum ntxov tau pom hauv Kyushu, Nyiv.Cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom iav yog qhov zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv lead ua barium iav ntawm Chu xeev nyob rau lub sijhawm Warring States thiab thaum ntxov Western Han Dynasty;Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau lead isotope ratios ntawm tubular iav hlaws dai unearthed nyob rau hauv Nyiv yog tib yam li cov unearthed nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj thaum lub sij hawm Han Dynasty thiab ua ntej Han Dynasty.Cov iav txhuas barium yog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb hauv Suav teb thaum ub, uas tuaj yeem ua pov thawj tias cov iav no tau raug xa tawm los ntawm Tuam Tshoj.Suav thiab Nyij Pooj archaeologists kuj tau taw qhia tias Nyiv ua iav gouyu thiab iav raj ornaments nrog Japanese yam ntxwv los ntawm kev siv iav blocks thiab iav raj xa tawm los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, qhia tau hais tias muaj kev lag luam iav ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Nyiv hauv Han Dynasty.Tuam Tshoj exported iav khoom rau Nyiv nrog rau iav raj, iav blocks thiab lwm yam semi-tiav khoom.
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-22-2021